Question 1 0.125 out of 0.125 points Which vessel normally demonstrates the most rapid blood flow?
Selected Answer:c. The vena cava
Correct Answer: c. The vena cava
Response
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The vena cava has the most rapid rate of flow. Arterioles don’t offer the most rapid blood flow. Capillaries are composed of a single thickness of endothelial cells attached to a protein network called the basement membrane and don’t offer the most rapid blood flow. A venule begins where the arteriole ends and doesn’t offer the most rapid blood flow. Question 2 0.125 out of 0.125 points Pernicious anemia is caused by a lack of
Selected Answer:b. intrinsic factor.
Correct Answer: b. intrinsic factor.
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The fundamental defect causing pernicious anemia is the lack of intrinsic factor. Without it, vitamin B12 cannot be absorbed. Iron deficiency does not lead to pernicious anemia. Rather, it is the most common cause of anemia and is the result of unavailability of iron for hemoglobin synthesis. Pernicious anemia and folate deficiency are similar in etiology. Both are caused by a disruption in DNA synthesis of blast cells in bone marrow. Erythropoietin is necessary for the production of red cells. Question 3 0.125 out of 0.125 points Two of the most serious oncology emergencies associated with non-Hodgkin lymphoma are obstruction of the superior vena cava and compression of the spinal cord. 1 / 4
Selected Answer:a. True
Correct Answer: a. True
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Compression of the spinal cord is one of the two most serious oncology emergencies associated with non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Question 4
- out of 0.125 points
The most common primary immune deficiency that affects only B cells is
Selected Answer:d. Bruton agammaglobulinemia.
Correct Answer: c. selective IgA.
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The most common B-cell primary immunodeficiency disorder is
selective IgA deficiency. This disorder affects 1:2000 persons.
DiGeorge is a T-cell primary immune deficiency. Bruton agammaglobulinemia is not the most common primary immune
deficiency affecting B cells; frequency of disease is 1:250,000 males.
Females are carriers. Wiskott–Aldrich affects both T cells and B cells. Question 5 0.125 out of 0.125 points The effects of histamine release include
Selected Answer:c. increased vascular permeability.
Correct Answer: c. increased vascular permeability.
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Histamine release leads to increased vascular permeability, which fosters fluid movement out of capillaries and into tissues leading to the edema common in type I hypersensitivity. Histamine leads to bronchoconstriction, increased gut permeability, and vasodilation (not vasoconstriction). Question 6 0.125 out of 0.125 points 2 / 4
Risk factors for atherosclerosis include
Selected Answer:d. hyperlipidemia.
Correct Answer: d. hyperlipidemia.
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Hyperlipidemia is a modifiable risk factor associated with atherosclerosis. Men have a higher incidence of atherosclerosis earlier in life than women. A high-protein diet is not associated with atherosclerosis. Dietary fats do play a role as a modifiable risk factor.A low-fiber diet is not a risk factor for atherosclerosis. Question 7 0.125 out of 0.125 points Patients with immunodeficiency disorders are usually first identified because they
Selected Answer:c. develop recurrent infections.
Correct Answer: c. develop recurrent infections.
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The first clinical indicators of immunodeficiency disorders are the signs and symptoms of infection, and the disorders are often first suspected when an individual has severe recurrent, unusual, or unmanageable infections. High fevers can occur in patients who have an intact immune system. Because of the immune deficiency, patients with immunodeficiency disorders may not demonstrate expected WBC counts with infection. Infections in patients with immunodeficiency disorders can occur anywhere in the body. Question 8 0.125 out of 0.125 points The conversion of plasminogen to plasmin results in
Selected Answer:c. fibrinolysis.
Correct Answer: c. fibrinolysis.
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Fibrinolysis is the process of clot dissolution and occurs when plasminogen activators cleave plasminogen to plasmin. Clot retraction occurs when the components of the fibrin clot are compressed or contracted to form a clot. Factors released from 3 / 4
platelets contribute to hemostasis by enhancing vasoconstriction, platelet aggregation, and vessel repair. Platelet aggregation is not the result of plasmin conversion. Thrombin cleaves fibrinogen to form a fibrin clot. Question 9
- out of 0.125 points
Activation of the extrinsic pathway of coagulation is initiated by
Selected Answer:a. platelet factors.
Correct Answer: b. tissue thromboplastin.
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The extrinsic pathway of coagulation begins when the vascular wall is traumatized. Tissue factor from injured tissue activates factors which in turn activate and convert into thrombin for clotting.Platelets play a major role in primary hemostasis as well as secondary hemostasis and clot retraction. Platelets accelerate the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin. Platelets adhere to collagen exposed by trauma and initiate degranulation. Factor VII is involved in the extrinsic pathway of coagulation when it is activated by tissue factor following a traumatic injury. Question 10 0.125 out of 0.125 points A commonly ingested substance associated with prolongation of the bleeding time is
Selected Answer:c. aspirin.
Correct Answer: c. aspirin.
Response
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Many drugs are associated with prolonged bleeding times. Aspirin is known to alter normal platelet function. Acetaminophen is not associated with prolongation of bleeding time. Tobacco does not interfere with bleeding times. Caffeine does not interfere with bleeding times. Question 11 0.125 out of 0.125 points
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