1. aqueous humor - 2. lens separates the anterior and posterior ch...

NUR 201 Sensory

• aqueous humor

moisturizes and nourishes the lens & cornea, made in the ciliary bodies

• lens

separates the anterior and posterior chamber.

• transparent, behind iris
• attached to ciliary muscle

• ciliary muscle

muscle that relaxes and contracts to change the shape of the lens (accommodation)

• 10-21 mmHg

What is the normal intraocular pressure?

• snellen chart

What is a common tool used to test visual acuity?

• slit-lamp

This test magnifies the anterior eye structures. Patient leans on chin rest to stabilize head.Narrow beam of light is aimed so that only a narrow segment of the eye is brightly lighted.The examiner can then locate position of any abnormality.

• tonometry 1 / 4

measurement of intraocular pressure

• electroretinography

The process of graphing the retina's response to light stimulation. Helpful in detecting and evaluating blood vessel changes from disease or drugs. Graph is obtained by placing a contact lens electrode on an anesthetized cornea. Lights at varying speeds and intensities are flashed, and the neural re- sponse is graphed. The measurement from the cornea is identical to the response that would be obtained if electrodes were placed directly on the retina

• fluorescein angiography

Measures abnormal blood vessels in the eye. Have dye injected and watch blood flow in the eye. Can turn skin yellow and urine green/yellow for 12-24 hrs

• corneal staining

Blot some stain on the eye to see extent of scratching and injury. Use a blue light after staining and any scratches/cuts will show up easily

• snellen chart test

Tests visual acuity.

• cover one eye and use one eye to read
• use both eyes
• stand 20 ft away
• read lines until 3 mistakes made
• move up to line that has less than 3 mistakes
• 20/20 = normal
• 20/70 = refractive errors
• 20/200 = legally blind

12. OS 2 / 4

left eye

13. OD

right eye

14. OU

both eyes

• topical anesthetics

Proparacaine HCL, or proxymetacaine (AKTaine, Alcaine, Ocu-Caine, Ophthetic), Tetracaine HCL, cocaine HCL (Pontacaine)

• remind pt not to rub or touch eye while it is anesthetized
• patch the eye if the patient leaves the facility before the anesthetic wears off
• instruct the patient not to use discolored solution
• teach the patient to store the bottle tightly closed

• topical steroids

Prednisolone acetate, Prednisolone phosphate, Dexametha- sone, Betamethasone, Fluorometholone

• tell the patient to shake the bottle vigorously before use
• teach the patient to check for corneal ulceration (pain, reduced vision, secretions)
• warn the patient not to share eyedrops with others

• anti-infective agents

Gentamicin, Tobramycin, Ciprofloxacin, Erythromycin, Chlortetracycline, Sulfisoxazole, 3 / 4

Ofloxacin, Levofloxacin

• teach the patient the importance of using the drug exactly as prescribed, even if he or she

needs to use it hourly

• teach the patient how to clean exudate from the eyes before using drops
• reinforce the importance of completing the prescribed drug regimen

• antibiotic-steroid combinations

Tobramycin with dexamethasone, Neomycin sulfate with polymyxin B sulfate and dexamethasone

• instructions are the same as for each component alone

• topical antiviral agents

Trifluridine, Vidarabine

• teach the patient to refrigerate the drug and protect it from light
• teach the patient to assess for itching lids and burning eyes

• antifungal agents

Amphotericin B, Natamycin

• teach the patient to assess for itching lids and burning eyes

• nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents (NSAIDS)

Flurbiprofen, Diclofenac, Bromfenac, Ketorolac

• teach the patient to check for bleeding in the eye
• teach the patient not to wear soft contact lenses during therapy with these drugs

• instillation of ophthalmic ointment (chart 49-1)
• / 4