NUR 105 Cardiac
- Blood flow through heart
Answer SVC --> Rt atria --> Tricuspid --> Rt ventricle --> Pulmonic valve --> pulmonic artery --> Lungs --> pulmonic vein --> Lt atria --> Mitral valve --> Lt ventricle --> aortic valve --> aorta -- > Body
- Which is the stronger ventricle / more common HF
Answer Left, reason why more LHF (pump faillure)
- LHF + s/s
Answer "congestive" - back up into lungs; poor CO; weakness, fatigue, dizziness, confusion, congestion, SOB, oliguria, renal failure -> RHF, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea, orthopnea
- pink frothy cough
Answer w LHF -> pulm edema
- pulm edema interv
Answer admin o2 (facemask, nonrebreather), legs down, bp >100 (give nitro, lasix)
- dec O2 makes you act how
Answer restless, confused
- R HF caused by 1 / 3
Answer LHF, RV infarction, pulm HTN
- high output HF
Answer inc in metabolic needs - can be reversed
- staging of HF
Answer stage A-D (structural changes), functional 1-4 (function)
- compensatory mechanism - sympathetic nerves
Answer vasoconstriction -> when CO is down -> constriction
- compens mech (RAAS)
Answer activated when dec CO -> dec bl flow to kidneys -> vasoconstriction
- compens mech - natriuetic peptides
Answer respond due to FVO -> vasodilation (dec vascular resistance)
- compens mech - myocardial hypertrophy
Answer inc rate (r/t inc CO) -> muscular increase (dec EF)
- causes of LHF
Answer HTN, MI, rheumatic fever, valve disorders, endocarditis, peri- carditis
- causes of RHF 2 / 3
Answer without LHF -> pulm issues (COPD, ARDS)
- assessment for LHF
Answer impaired tissue perfusion, BP (both arms), HR, mental status, respiratory)
- RHF s/s
Answer JVD, enlarged liver/spleen, anorexia, nausea, dependent edema (rings/shoes), weight gain, HTN, ascites, swollen hands/fingers, nocturia
- labs for HF
Answer BNP, electrolytes, BUN, H&H, ABGs
- imaging HF
Answer CXR, echocardiogram (best), angiographic
- modifiable risks
Answer smoking, activity, obesity, psych factors, chronic disease
- description of CV pain
Answer discomfort, heaviness, pressure, indigestion, choking, vice-like
- HF nursing dx (impaired gas exchange)
- / 3
Answer resp status (crackles, q1-4h), O2, positioning, TCDB