NUR 211 DKA
- diabetic keto acidosis
Answer Severe condition caused by a lack of insulin or an elevation in stress hormones. It is characterized by high blood sugar levels - but because there is a lack of insulin, the body begis to burn protein and especially fat for energy. As ketones build up, they are smelled on the breath as fruity, and are lost in urine.
- electrolytes lost
Answer K+, Na+
- fatty acids
Answer results in ketones in urine r/t lack of insulin
- ABG for DKA
Answer metabolic acidosis
- before giving potassium chloride
Answer check renal function
- plasma expanders
Answer colloidal solutions that are used to replace plasma volume to restore adequate circulation
used to increase BP
- complications of DKA 1 / 2
Answer FVO, pulmonary edema, heart failure, hypokalemia, hyperglycemia/hypo, cerebral edema
- sick day rule
Answer
a) Never omit insulin even if you cant eat
b) Test BGL q2-4h
- type 1 need to check for ketones
d) Drink clear liquids, eat light foods if possible
e) Rest do not exercise during illness
- if BG is 300 mg/dl or less
Answer use D5W to prevent hypoglycemia
- DKA s/s
Answer D-ehydration
K-etones in the urine and blood, Kussmaul Resp and K+ A-cidosis, Acetone breath, Anorexia d/t nausea
- DKA other S&S
Answer polydipsia, polyuria, blurred vision, HA, orthostatic hypoten- sion, hyperventilation
- fluids for DKA
Answer hypotonic NS (0.45%)
used to tx HTN, hypernatremia, and heart failure fluids of choice 200-500 ml/hr after normal saline
- / 2