1. Obstruction is either arteries or veins, give an example of a reduced flow beyond obstruction

NUR 631 Cardiology

• Obstruction is either arteries or veins, give an example of a reduced flow beyond obstruction

(downstream)?

Answer Ischemia

• Which statement is true regarding the streamlined nature of laminar blood flow?
• Turbulent blood flow is a result of a vessel branching at a wide angle.
• A thrill can be palpated when blood flows over a roughened intimal surface.
• Blood contacting the intima moves more quickly than that in the center of the vessel.
• A thrombus results when the blood in the middle of the vessel flows more quickly than that

in the outer layer.

Answer A thrill can be palpated when blood flowers over a roughened intimal surface

• What are the main causes of edema?
• When the adjacent lymphatic system develops an impaired lymphatic flow or when the

capillaries themselves become more permeable and "leak" fluid into the cell

• When the capillaries develop an impaired flow or when the lymphatic system becomes

more permeable and "leaks" fluid into the cell

• When the capillary beds develop a decreased pressure, thereby promoting fluid "leaks" into

the interstitial fluid

• When the lymphatic system fails to pick up excess fluid from the interstitial space

Answer

• When the adjacent lymphatic system develops an impaired lymphatic flow or when the

capillaries themselves become more permeable and "leak" fluid into the cell

• What is the specific terminology to describe the formation of a blood clot in a vein?
• Ischemia
• Phlebitis
• Thrombus
• Thrombophlebitis 1 / 3

Answer

• Thrombophlebitis

• Thrombosis in the microcirculation throughout the body is called
• Stroke
• Atherosclerosis
• Myocardial infarction (MI)
• Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)

Answer Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)

• What are the upper acceptable values for cholesterol within the blood?
• Total cholesterol level of 40 mg/dl, HDL of 200 mg/dl, and LDL of 160 mg/dl
• Total cholesterol level of 40 mg/dl, HDL of 160 mg/dl, and LDL of 200 mg/dl
• Total cholesterol level of 200 mg/dl, HDL of 160 mg/dl, and LDL of 40 mg/dl
• Total cholesterol level of 200 mg/dl, HDL of 40 mg/dl, and LDL of 160 mg/dl

Answer D = Total cholesterol level of 200 mg/dl, HDL of 40 mg/dl, and LDL of 160 mg/dl

• What does Endothelin-1 do?

Answer (Inc BP) Important in BP control / potent vasoconstrictor

• What kind of hypertension is attributed to a specific identifiable pathology or condition such

as ingestion of certain drugs, food or chemicals?

Answer Secondary HTN

• How does ANP decrease Blood pressure?

Answer it causes the kidneys to increase sodium and water excretion by increasing the glomerular 2 / 3

filtration rate when sensing increase BP in the atrium.

• Most common cause for childhood secondary HTN’ renal disease and coarctation of the

aorta (congenital defect)

Answer

• What are the two most common causes for secondary HTN in childhood?-

Answer renal disease and coarctation of the aorta (congenital disease)

• What is Pheochromocytoma and what may be related to it in the heart?

Answer It is a tumor of the adrenal medulla and may lead to secondary HTN

• Renal artery stenosis causes what kind of HTN?

Answer secondary

• Extreme and rapidly developing HTN is divided into two groups

Answer emergency, where there is evidence of end-organ damage, and urgency where there is not.

• What are the differences between emergency HTN and urgency HTN?

Answer -

Emergency hypertension involved end organ damage where urgency does not

• What is the leading cause of death in the United States?
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