1. Two amino acids are brought together to form a dipeptide. This is an exam- ple of an reaction.

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BIOS 260 Chapter 2

• Two amino acids are brought together to form a dipeptide. This is an exam- ple of a(n) reaction.

–Answer synthesis

• What occurs during a decomposition reaction?

–Answer a reactant molecule breaks apart so that a simpler molecule, atom or ion forms

• What is the classification of a chemical reaction in which the products can later be changed back to

the original reactants?–Answer reversible reaction

• True or false

covalently bound compounds will separate into component parts when placed in water –Answer false

• Molecules that influence the rate of chemical reaction without being changed themselves are called

–Answer catalysts

• Compounds are classified as acids if they release when they dissoci- ate

in water –Answer hydrogen ions

• Solutions with a pH of 7.0 are described as being

–Answer neutral

• indicate with pH value is an example of a basic pH

–Answer

10.0 1 / 3

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• Solutions with the pH less than 7.0 are considered

–Answer acidic

• Which of the following is a function of water?

–Answer a major component of blood; transports various dissolved substances throughout the body

• What inorganic molecule is a necessary reactant in the series of chemical reactions that release

energy from nutrient molecules?–Answer oxygen

• what is the chemical formula for carbon dioxide?

CO2 (note –Answer the number is a SUBSCRIPT)

• What inorganic compound is a waste product of energy-releasing metabol- ic reactions?

–Answer carbon dioxide

• Indicate the four types of organic compounds important in cell structure and function

–Answer lipids, carbohydrates, nucleic acids, proteins

• Within body fluids, what are some ions provided by dissociation of inor- ganic salts?

–Answer sodium, potassium, and calcium

• The primary function of the class of organic compounds called is

to provide fuel for cellular functions. These molecules are stored as large polymers in liver and muscle cells.–Answer carbohydrates

• Monosaccharides and disaccharides are also referred to as simple

–Answer 2 / 3

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sugars

• Which is a description of a monosaccharide?

–Answer single sugar unit

• What is the definition of a disaccharide?

–Answer two sugar units bonded together

• Carbohydrates molecules formed of many simple sugars are classified as

(choose all that apply) –Answer complex carbohydrates; polysaccharides

• Lipids are molecules that are in water and consist of a much lower proportion or

oxygen than found in carbohydrates.–Answer insoluble

• List three examples of lipids

–Answer steroids, triglycerides, fats

• What is the classification of a fatty acid molecule with only single car- bon-to-carbon bonds

within their carbon chains, containing as many hydro- gen atoms as possible?–Answer saturated fat

• Fatty acid molecules with one or more double bonds between carbon atoms in the carbon chain

are classified as fatty acids –Answer unsaturated

• Hydrophilic means "soluble in "

–Answer water

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