1. what would increase cardiac output

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BIOS 255 week 3

• what would increase cardiac output

–Answer increase in heart rate increase in stroke volume -sympathetic nervous system

• What is the sympathetic nervous system?

–Answer "Fight or flight" Blood pres- sure/heart rate increase, digestive slowing.

• what increases stroke volume

–Answer returning more blood back to heart -venous return/preload

• venous return

–Answer The amount of blood returned to the heart by the veins (aka Preload)

• increase contractility

–Answer increase SV (stroke volume)

• What is contractility in heart

–Answer strength of the cardiac muscle contraction and its ability to generate force -stroke volume increases

• What is afterload?

–Answer resistance/force the left ventricle must overcome to pump blood out of the aortic valve through aorta 1 / 3

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-stroke volume decreases b/c increase resistance -decrease end systolic volume

• ventricular sistole

–Answer lubb sound is produced -afterload occurs

• What is vasoconstriction?

–Answer narrowing of blood vessels

• When does afterload increase?

–Answer -hypertension (high blood pressure),

• vasoconstriction

-increase peripheral resistance -aortic valves

• peripheral resistance

–Answer opposition to blood flow caused by friction of the blood vessel walls -increases as blood flow increases

• Stenosis means

–Answer abnormal narrowing or constriction of a body passage

• What is preload?

–Answer volume of blood in ventricles at end of diastole(relaxation) -increase in end distolic volume 2 / 3

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• What is inotropy?

–Answer force of contraction/ heart rate -increase in stroke volume -decrease End systolic volume

• What is end systolic volume (ESV)?

–Answer the amount of blood in ventricles after contraction

• What is end diastolic volume?

–Answer The amount of blood in the ventricle before contraction

• increase inotropy

–Answer increase SV decrease ESV

• total peripheral resistance

–Answer the average resistance of in all blood vessels (systematic/vascular arteries)

• what happens if there's vasoconstriction of the arteries?

What happens to afterload?–Answer -Total peripheral resistance increase -afterload will increase -SV will lower

• Hormones' that cause vasoconstriction

–Answer

• Angiotensin II
• ADH

-Vasopressin

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