1. Which of the following is a reason that Microbiology is a unique part of the study of life?

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Visualizing Microbiology 1st Edition Anderson Test Bank

Chapter 1 – Microbial Word

1.1 The Microbes

EASY

• Which of the following is a reason that Microbiology is a unique part of the study of life?
• microorganisms are too small to be seen with the naked eye
• microorganisms are our planet’s dominant life form
• microorganisms live in and on other macroorganisms like humans
• microorganisms occupy most ecological niches on Earth.
• all of these are correct reasons.

MEDIUM

• Named in order of increasing level of complexity, the 3 major groups of microorganisms are

.

• noncellular, prokaryotes and eukaryotes
• viruses, bacteria, and protozoa
• prions, viruses, and bacteria
• eukaryotes, prokaryotes and viruses

HARD

• Which of the following statements BEST describes the major difference between the

noncellular infectious particles?

• Viruses have either DNA or RNA, viroids have only RNA, and prions have neither DNA or

RNA

• Viruses have both DNA and RNA, viroids have only RNA and prions have proteins
• Viruses have either DNA or RNA, Viroids have only DNA and prions have proteins and RNA
• Viruses have both DNA and RNA, viroids have only RNA and prions have only DNA

MEDIUM

• The majority of prokaryotes have
• presence of internal structures that lack membranes, and have a plasma cell membrane

and cell wall

• presence of membrane-bound organelles such as nucleus, have a plasma cell membrane and

cell wall

• no internal structures, but have a plasma cell membrane and cell walls
• presence of internal structures that lack membranes, and have a plasma cell membrane but

have no cell walls 1 / 4

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EASY

5. Match the prokaryote structure or characteristic with its function:

Plasma membrane C a. small circles of DNA with genes not essential for life Nucleoid D b. uncomplicated cell replication Plasmids A c. selectively determines what enters or leaves the cell Binary fission B d. large loop of DNA with genes essential for life

EASY

• Size matters in Microbiology. As described in the text, what is the correct order of

increasing size of these organisms?

• Rabies virus, Streptococcus pneumoniae bacterium, Trypanosoma brucei protozoan
• Streptococcus pneumoniae bacterium, Rabies virus, Trypanosoma brucei protozoan
• Streptococcus pneumoniae bacterium, Trypanosoma brucei protozoan, Rabies virus
• Trypanosoma brucei protozoan, Streptococcus pneumoniae bacterium, Rabies virus

MEDIUM

• Members of the Archaea
• are ancient Eukaryotes that have many similarities with Prokaryotes
• live in diverse and harsh environments where other living cells would perish
• are thought to have been the first forms of cellular life on Earth
• include algae, fungi, and helminthes
• b and c are correct

EASY

• Microbes are the dominant life form on Planet Earth because
• at an estimated 5x10

30 bacteria are the most abundant life form

• microbial species are estimated to number between 10 million and 1 billion
• microbes occupy all ecological niches on the planet
• all microbes are Eukaryote cells
• a, b, and c are correct

MEDIUM

• Match the Eukaryote organism with its description

Eukaryote Description Fungi D a. carry out photosynthesis Algae A b. animal-like characteristic of locomotion Protozoa B c. eggs and juvenile stages are viewed with a microscope Helminths C d. Cell walls made of chitin

HARD

• Considering the fact that there is more diversity among Eukaryote organisms such as

protozoa, fungi, algae and helminths than there is among Prokaryotes such as bacteria and Archaea, why are “microorganisms” considered the dominant life form?

• there are more species of microorganisms than multicellular organisms
• microorganisms include both Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes 2 / 4

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• microorganisms may be found in all ecological niches
• only answer a and b are correct
• all of these are correct

EASY

• How did ancient photosynthetic microbes change the course of evolution on Earth?
• production of oxygen gas combined with UV light in stratosphere produced Ozone layer

that shielded planet from sun’s excess UV rays

• presence of oxygen gas allows for evolution of aerobic respiration in thus producing more

ATP for cellular activity

• terrestrial life forms evolved because of shielding ozone layer
• all of these are correct

1.2 The Conflicts

MEDIUM

12. Key differences between antiseptics and disinfectants include:

• antiseptics are less toxic and may be used on human and animal tissues
• disinfectants are more toxic and are used only on inanimate objects
• antiseptics are more toxic to human pathogens than are disinfectants
• answers a and b are correct
• answers a and c are correct

EASY

• What factors must be controlled in order to promote microbial growth in the lab?
• optimal food resources according to what the microbe prefers
• pH levels
• ideal temperature
• oxygen requirements
• all of these are correct

HARD

• In the human body, our physiological processes work to maintain homeostasis. Likewise

we have to maintain homeostasis of microbial cultures in a lab setting in order to promote growth. So what can we do to interrupt microbial growth that is causing disease in the human body?

• disrupt homeostasis by eliminating factors that promote growth like body temperature
• change pH and oxygen levels
• increase food sources
• answers a and b are correct
• answers a, b, and c are correct

MEDIUM

• Which of the following is NOT used in the identification of microbes in a lab?
• staining of cells for observation under the microscope 3 / 4

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• testing of microbial metabolism utilizing biochemicals in the media
• assaying antibody reactions to the absence of their specific pathogen in agglutination

reactions

• all are used to aid in microbial identification

MEDIUM

• The innate portions of the Immune System are non-specific, i.e. the same processes are

used regardless of microbe type. The innate portions in their efforts to destroy invading pathogens.

• usually involve proteins and some of the leukocytes
• does not utilize phagocytosis or “cell-eating” to engulf and kill off foreign microbes
• rarely produces inflammatory reactions
• involves lymphocytes

HARD

• Highly specific reactions are the basis of true immunity that is learned during a person’s

lifetime. This provides long-lasting immunity to a specific microbe and is termed the adaptive response. This adaptive portion of the Immune System .

• does not involve phagocytic leukocytes
• involves B lymphocytes that produce special proteins called antibodies in response to the

pathogen.

• creates inflammatory reactions
• does not provide the basis for vaccination because it isn’t innate

EASY

• What does the term “pathogenesis” mean?
• development of an infectious disease
• development of a pathogen
• development of any disease process
• development of a noncommunicable disease

MEDIUM

• Which is the correct order of the five basic steps of pathogenesis?
• pathogen entry into host, thwarting immune defenses, pathogen attachment,

host damage, and pathogen exit

• pathogen entry into host, pathogen attachment, thwarting immune defenses,

host damage, and pathogen exit

• pathogen entry into host, thwarting immune defenses, host damage, pathogen attachment

and pathogen exit

• pathogen entry into host, pathogen attachment, host damage, thwarting immune defenses,

and pathogen exit

EASY

• How do pathogens gain entry into the human body?
• nose
• mouth
• / 4