120 CANCER, STUDY GUIDE REVIEW
EXAM QUESTIONS CONTA INING 173
TERMS WITH DEFINITIVE SOLUTIONS
Question : what are common characteristics of cells?
Correct answer: all need nourishment to maintain life,
oxygen, & all deliver end product of chemical reactions into nearby fluids
Question : what happens when cells are destroyed?
Correct answer: the remaining cells of the same type
reproduce until the correct number has been replenished
Question : how does cancer cells reproduce?
Correct answer: the immune system fails to recognize the
abnormal cells and cancer develops
Question : what is the definition of cancer?
Correct answer: when abnormal cells divide uncontrollably
and spread into surrounding tissue caused by changes in DNA
Question : cancer is the ....... leading cause of death after......
Correct answer: 2nd leading cause of death
heart disease
Question : which cancer is the leading cause of death?
Correct answer: lung cancer
Question : What is oncology?
Correct answer: branch of medicine regarding the study of
cancer.
Question : What is hyperplasia? why does it occur? what are
some examples?
Correct answer: increase in the number of density of normal
cells it occurs in response to stress, increased metabolic demand, or elevated hormone levels ex~ myocardial cells in responses to prolonged increase in the body's demand for oxygen uterine cells in response to rising estrogen levels during pregnancy
Question : What is metaplasia? why does this occur ?
Correct answer: reversible change in which one adult cell
type is replaced by another adult cell type these changes are in response to chronic irritation and inflammation
Question : What is dyplasia? what is examples ?
Correct answer: disturbed cell growth of specific tissue, they
show abnormal size and shape, and appearance as well as a disturbance in their usual arrangement.ex~ changes in cervix in response to continued irritation from HPV, leukoplakia (white patches) on oral mucous membranes in response to chronic irritation from smoking.
Question : What is anaplasia? when does this usual occur?
Correct answer: the regression of a cell to an immature or
undifferentiated cell type associated with malignancies.when a damaging or transforming event takes place inside dividing cells.
Question : What is neoplasm?
Correct answer: also called tumor.
is a mass of new tissue that grows independently of its surroundings structure and has no physical purpose
Question : What is a benign tumor?
Correct answer: A mass of cells that grows out of control but
remains at the site of origin
Question : What is a malignant tumor?
Correct answer: A mass of cancer cells that can spread.
It grows rapidly and spreads to other tissues.
Question : why can benign growth stills be problematic?
Correct answer: malignant neoplasms can progress and
destroy surrounding tissues and can metastasis (spread cancer).
Question : What is metastasis?
Correct answer: malignant neoplasm spread from the primary
site to secondary diffusion to other body cavities or circulation via blood and lymphatic channels
Question : what happens when a cell becomes malignant?
Correct answer: it's membranes carry a tumor specific
antigen that is recognized by the body and destroyed.
Question : what are characteristics of malignant cells?
Correct answer: loss of regulation of rate of mitosis;
loss of cell specialization; loss of contact inhibition; progression acquisition of cancerous phenotype; irreversibility; altered cell structure; simplified metabolic activities; transplantability (metastasis);