1st Edition Sorenson Test Bank

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Pathophysiology Concepts Of Human Disease 1st Edition Sorenson Test Bank

Pathophysiology: Concepts of Human Disease (Sorenson)

Chapter 1 Introduction to the Basics of Pathophysiology

1) Which pathophysiological concept should the nurse consider when developing a plan of care for a patient with myocardial ischemia?

• There is a decrease in the amount of oxygen and glucose reaching the myocardium.
• There is a lack of oxygen reaching the myocardium, but the supply of glucose is adequate.
• There is a lack of glucose reaching the myocardium, but the supply of oxygen is adequate.
• There is a complete lack of both oxygen and glucose reaching the myocardium.

Answer: A

Explanation: A) A decrease in blood flow to the myocardium means that there is a decrease in the amount of oxygen and glucose to the heart muscle. A related term is hypoxia, which refers to a lack of oxygen to tissue. This can occur from disruptions of the respiratory system.

• A decrease in blood flow to the myocardium means that there is a decrease in the amount of

oxygen and glucose to the heart muscle. A related term is hypoxia, which refers to a lack of oxygen to tissue. This can occur from disruptions of the respiratory system.

• A decrease in blood flow to the myocardium means that there is a decrease in the amount of

oxygen and glucose to the heart muscle. A related term is hypoxia, which refers to a lack of oxygen to tissue. This can occur from disruptions of the respiratory system.

• A decrease in blood flow to the myocardium means that there is a decrease in the amount of

oxygen and glucose to the heart muscle. A related term is hypoxia, which refers to a lack of oxygen to tissue. This can occur from disruptions of the respiratory system.

Page Ref: 7

Cognitive Level: Applying

Client Need & Sub: Physiological Integrity: Physiological Adaptation Standards: Nursing Process: Planning | Learning Outcome: 1.1 Define the conceptual basis for and the language used in the study of pathophysiology. | QSEN Competencies: III.A.1.Demonstrate knowledge of basic scientific methods and processes | AACN Essential Competencies: IX.8. Implement evidence-based nursing interventions as appropriate for managing the acute and chronic care of patients and promoting health across the lifespan NLN Competencies: Knowledge and Science: Relationships between knowledge/science and quality and safe patient care MNL Learning Outcome: LO 1: Recognize the conceptual basis for and the language used in the study of pathophysiology. 1 / 4

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2) The nurse is assessing a patient's risk factors for disease at an annual physical examination.Which question would the nurse ask to assess lifestyle risk factors?

• "Does your neighborhood have parks and sidewalks?"
• "Tell me about the health of your parents."
• "What is the highest level of education that you completed?"
• "How would you describe your diet?"

Answer: D

Explanation: A) Risk factors emerge from a number of sources. One is the genetic blueprint provided to each of us at birth, and another is lifestyle factors. Lifestyle factors reflect decisions about diet, exercise, smoking, and other variables that influence health. Social determinants of health are factors related to where one lives, educational level, income, availability of fresh food, public transportation, and a number of other considerations that can affect health.

• Risk factors emerge from a number of sources. One is the genetic blueprint provided to each

of us at birth, and another is lifestyle factors. Lifestyle factors reflect decisions about diet, exercise, smoking, and other variables that influence health. Social determinants of health are factors related to where one lives, educational level, income, availability of fresh food, public transportation, and a number of other considerations that can affect health.

• Risk factors emerge from a number of sources. One is the genetic blueprint provided to each

of us at birth, and another is lifestyle factors. Lifestyle factors reflect decisions about diet, exercise, smoking, and other variables that influence health. Social determinants of health are factors related to where one lives, educational level, income, availability of fresh food, public transportation, and a number of other considerations that can affect health.

• Risk factors emerge from a number of sources. One is the genetic blueprint provided to each

of us at birth, and another is lifestyle factors. Lifestyle factors reflect decisions about diet, exercise, smoking, and other variables that influence health. Social determinants of health are factors related to where one lives, educational level, income, availability of fresh food, public transportation, and a number of other considerations that can affect health.

Page Ref: 9

Cognitive Level: Applying

Client Need & Sub: Health Promotion and Maintenance

Standards: Nursing Process: Assessment | Learning Outcome: 1.2 Describe characteristics of and risk factors associated with health and illness. | QSEN Competencies: I.B.10 Engage patients or designated surrogates in active partnerships that promote health, safety and well-being, and self-care management | AACN Essential Competencies: IX. 1. 1. Conduct comprehensive and focused physical, behavioral, psychological, spiritual, socioeconomic, and environmental assessments of health and illness parameters in patients, using developmentally and culturally appropriate approaches NLN Competencies: Knowledge and Science: Relationships between knowledge/science and quality and safe patient care MNL Learning Outcome: LO 2: Consider the characteristics of and risk factors associated with health and illness. 2 / 4

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3) The occupational health nurse is assessing a manufacturing plant for chemical agents that may

cause disease in the employees. The nurse should be alert for:

• stress levels.
• helminths.
• radiation.
• lead.

Answer: D

Explanation: A) Endogenous disease etiologies arise from within the body. Examples are abnormal immune reactions, gene mutations, coagulation defects, stress, and metabolic abnormalities.

• Etiologic agents may be exogenous, that is, arising from the external environment, such as

chemical, physical, and infectious agents. Examples of infectious etiologic agents are bacteria, viruses, fungi, and helminths.

• Etiologic agents may be exogenous, that is, arising from the external environment, such as

chemical, physical, and infectious agents. Examples of physical etiologic agents are extremes in environmental temperatures, radiation, trauma, and electricity.

• Etiologic agents may be exogenous, that is, arising from the external environment, such as

chemical, physical, and infectious agents. Examples of chemical etiologic agents are alcohol, lead, mercury, air pollutants, carbon monoxide, pesticides, and adverse effects of medications.

Page Ref: 10

Cognitive Level: Applying

Client Need & Sub: Health Promotion and Maintenance

Standards: Nursing Process: Assessment | Learning Outcome: 1.3 Outline the structure of this program, including the pathogenesis and etiology of disease; the clinical manifestations of disorders; how pathophysiology is linked to diagnosis and treatment; and the impact of genetics, nutrition, and lifespan on health and illness. | QSEN Competencies: III.A.1. Demonstrate knowledge of basic scientific methods and processes | AACN Essential Competencies: IX. 1. 1.Conduct comprehensive and focused physical, behavioral, psychological, spiritual, socioeconomic, and environmental assessments of health and illness parameters in patients, using developmentally and culturally appropriate approaches NLN Competencies: Knowledge and Science: Relationships between knowledge/science and quality and safe patient care MNL Learning Outcome: LO 2: Consider the characteristics of and risk factors associated with health and illness. 3 / 4

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4) A patient has been diagnosed with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. The nurse explains to the

patient that idiopathic means:

• the disease is inherited.
• the cause is unknown.
• it was caused by an error in care.
• the disease is secondary to another illness.

Answer: B

Explanation: A) A disease that is inherited is a genetic or hereditary disorder.

• When the cause of a disease cannot be determined, its etiology is said to be idiopathic.
• The etiology of conditions that are caused unintentionally by a treatment, a diagnostic

procedure, or an error caused by a healthcare provider are called iatrogenic.

• A condition that is caused by another disease is called a secondary disorder.

Page Ref: 10

Cognitive Level: Understanding

Client Need & Sub: Physiological Integrity: Physiological Adaptation Standards: Nursing Process: Implementation | Learning Outcome: 1.3 Outline the structure of this program, including the pathogenesis and etiology of disease; the clinical manifestations of disorders; how pathophysiology is linked to diagnosis and treatment; and the impact of genetics, nutrition, and lifespan on health and illness. | QSEN Competencies: III.A.1. Demonstrate knowledge of basic scientific methods and processes | AACN Essential Competencies: IX.7.Provide appropriate patient teaching that reflects developmental stage, age, culture, spirituality, patient preferences, and health literacy considerations to foster patient engagement in their care NLN Competencies: Knowledge and Science: Relationships between knowledge/science and quality and safe patient care MNL Learning Outcome: LO 3: Relate how the key factors and basic principles that inform pathophysiology impact health and illness.

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