2024 ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY II
FINAL LATEST EXAM 2024-2025 WITH
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
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Which of the following disorders is a result of excessive amounts of bilirubin?Rickets Hypoxia Jaundice Sickle-cell anemia -ANSWER- Jaundice
What is the approximate life span of a typical erythrocyte?80 days 10 hours
- weeks
- months -ANSWER- 4 months
How do erythrocytes move through smaller diameter capillaries?Their flexible proteins bind to the capillary walls and force them through Their biconcave shape allows them to fold up to pass through They eject only their hemoglobin to pass through 1 / 4
They eject their nuclei upon reaching areas of gas exchange -ANSWER- Their biconcave shape allows them to fold up to pass through
Which element is bound to the pigment in hemoglobin?Calcium Iron Sodium Potassium -ANSWER- Iron
Hypoxia would be present in a patient with a pulse oximeter reading of:
Below 95% Above 96% 95% 96% -ANSWER- Below 95%
How does a pulse oximeter measure percent saturation?By counting heart rate in beats per minute By determining the translucency of the skin over surface veins By calculating how much light is absorbed by hemoglobin By reading the density of erythrocytes to leukocytes -ANSWER- By calculating how much light is absorbed by hemoglobin
Which of the following is the most damaging potential symptom of Sickle Cell Disease?Bone marrow production can stop, resulting in low blood volume Abnormally shaped erythrocytes can block blood flow through capillaries to body tissues 2 / 4
Low hemoglobin concentration can cause weakness and shortness of breath Calcium deposits bind to joints and cause arthritis -ANSWER- Abnormally shaped erythrocytes can block blood flow through capillaries to body tissues
What is the relationship between hemoglobin and carbon dioxide (CO2)?Low CO2 levels trigger the proliferation of heme in the lymph tissue High CO2 levels cause the body to stop hemoglobin production Some CO2 binds to the amino acids of hemoglobin and is then exchanged in capillaries CO2 destroys the peptide bonds of hemoglobin's proteins -ANSWER- Some CO2 binds to the amino acids of hemoglobin and is then exchanged in capillaries
What is the function of a vascular spasm?To decrease the rate of coagulation To promote heat conservation at the site of an injury To contract a vessel wall near the point of injury to reduce blood loss To increase the surface area for gas exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide - ANSWER- To contract a vessel wall near the point of injury to reduce blood loss
Where are platelets found in the circulatory system?In the interstitial fluid surrounding blood vessels In the plasma of the blood In the buffy coat of the blood In the lymphatic fluid of the lymph vessels -ANSWER- In the plasma of the blood
What is the role of fibrinogen in clotting? 3 / 4
Fibrinogen starts clotting a wound when it comes into contact with the heme pigment It phosphorylates ADP to ATP at the site of injury Fibrinogen is converted into fibrin in order to form a mesh-like lattice that traps thrombocytes and erythrocytes to form a clot It stimulates serotonin to dilate blood vessels -ANSWER- Fibrinogen is converted into fibrin in order to form a mesh-like lattice that traps thrombocytes and erythrocytes to form a clot
Where are platelets stored in the body, outside of those already present in the circulatory system?Kidneys Gallbladder Pancreas Spleen -ANSWER- Spleen
What determines the exact hue (color) of hemoglobin?Its degree of oxygen saturation The percentage of carbon monoxide molecules it is bound to The temperature of the body The number of pigments combined in the molecules -ANSWER- Its degree of oxygen saturation
Approximately what percentage of an adult's body weight is composed of blood?15% 22% 8%
- / 4