2024 VTNE Lab Questions set 1 Latest Questions With Complete Grade A Answers
- When performing a direct fecal smear to look for "swimmers" or parasitic
- minutes
- hour
trophozoites, the feces cannot be older than which of the following?12 hours
24 hours if not refrigerated
Answer: 1 Hour
Explanation Fresh feces are needed for a direct smear. The smear should be made and read within 1 hour of fecal collection for most accurate results. Also, serial samples are ideal. Sometimes 4 to 5 smears are needed to find an organism. A negative direct smear does not rule out a parasite.
- Which of these are used in the minor cross-match for blood products when looking
for a compatible blood donor for a dog?Donor red blood cells, donor plasma Recipient red blood cells, donor plasma Recipient red blood cells, recipient plasma Donor red blood cells, recipient plasma
Answer: Recipient red blood cells, donor plasma
Explanation The correct answer is recipient red blood cells, donor plasma. In a minor crossmatch, you are looking to see if the factors in the plasma of the donor are going to react to the recipient's red blood cells.
- Which of the following is not a typical constituent of a urine sediment sample?
Mast cells Red blood cells Squamous cells White blood cells
Answer: Mast cells
Explanation Mast cells would not be expected in a urine sediment sample.Squamous cells, transitional cells, and renal cells may be found in urine sediment.Squamous cells will likely be the largest cell visualized in a urine sample. They are usually derived from the vagina, vulva, or urethra.
Red blood cells are a normal finding when in small numbers. Excessive red blood 1 / 3
cells may be a sign of disease.
White blood cells should also be present in a small number and large numbers of these cells are associated with disease.
- You are doing a fecal flotation and observe these eggs under the micro- scope.
They have bipolar plugs; one plug on each end (see image). What are these?
Whipworm eggs Hookworm eggs Tapeworm eggs Roundworm eggs
Answer: Whipworm eggs
Explanation The bipolar plugs on the eggs are typical of Trichuris vulpis (whipworm).
- A blood smear is evaluated and is noted to have a large variation in cell size as
well as a decrease in cell color. What is the appropriate terminology to describe this blood smear?Anisokaryosis and macrochromasia Microcytosis and microchromasia Anisocytosis and hypochromasia Macrocytosis and hyperchromasia
Answer: Anisocytosis and hypochromasia
Explanation Anisocytosis is the descriptive term for cell size variation. Red blood cells that have less color than is normally anticipated are said to by hypochromic. Cells with decreased pallor are likely deficient in hemoglobin. Cells with increased color are hyperchromic. Macrocytes are cells that are larger than typical, while microcytes are the opposite. Varying degrees of color among cells is termed polychromasia and is usually an indication of different aged (young and old) red blood cells present.Younger cells will have ribosomes which give them a different color.PowerPage Hematology
- Which test would provide the best measure of liver function? Serum phosphorus
level Bile acids Serum BUN level Ultrasound
Answer: Bile acids
Explanation When a meal is consumed, the gall bladder contracts and releases bile into the upper small intestine as needed for digestion. The bile acids break down lipids during this 2 / 3
process of digestion. The bile acids are then absorbed by the intestine and into the portal bloodstream and returned back to the liver. If the liver is functioning well, the bile acids are removed from the bloodstream and returned to the gall bladder until they are needed again.Comparing the two blood levels (pre- and post-prandial bile acids) allows the veterinarian to see how well the liver is functioning. Bile acids are removed from portal blood by the hepatocytes (liver cells). If the liver cells are not working as they should, the bile acids remain in circulation and enter the systemic circulation where the elevated levels are measured by the bile acids test.
Ultrasound is good for looking at architecture of the liver, but does not evaluate function of the hepatocytes.
BUN and phosphorus are most often looked at when evaluating kidney disease.
- What minimum quantity of feces is required to run a reliable fecal test for ova and
- grams
- grams
parasites?
0.5 grams 10 grams
Answer: 2 grams
Explanation Two grams of feces, about the size of a garbanzo bean, is the smallest quantity of feces that would be acceptable to run a reliable fecal flotation with zinc centrifugation.Five grams is ideal.
- What instrument is used to measure the urine specific gravity?
Refractometer Glucometer Barometer Manometer
Answer: Refractometer
Explanation A refractometer is used to measure urine specific gravity. The same refractometer is used to measure the protein level of blood samples.
- Which of the following is not an anticipated finding when evaluating a urine
- / 3
sample after performing a cystocentesis?Erythrocytes Struvite crystals Calcium oxalate crystals