2024 VTNE Pharmacology Exam Prep New Full Exam Questions and Answers ( Included ) 100% Correct
- Which of the following drugs would be the most likely to cause a nephrotoxicity?
Enrofloxacin Gentamicin Amoxicillin Cephalexin
Answer: Gentamicin
Aminoglycosides, such as gentamicin, are known for their potential toxic effects to the kidneys (nephrotoxicity) and ear (ototoxicity). In some cases, these drugs may cause tubular necrosis of the proximal renal tubular cells, so caution and monitoring are important.
- In cattle, black leg is caused by which of the following clostridium species?
septicum novyi chauvoei botulinum
Answer: chauvoei
chauvoei causes black leg in cattle. novyi causes black disease, botulinum causes botulism, and septicum causes malignant edema.
- Which of the following is FALSE regarding the use of Humulin insulin?
Shake well before use It causes blood sugar to decrease when administered It can be given intramuscularly Keep refrigerated
Answer: Shake well before use
Most Insulin types should never be shaken. Insulin should only be gently rolled prior to use. The exception to this is Vetsulin, which should be shaken prior to use.
Insulin should be refrigerated, and although typically given subcutaneously, it can be given intramuscularly and is often given this way in cases of diabetic ketoacidosis.
Insulin causes a drop in blood glucose.
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- Which of the following drugs increases gastrointestinal motility?
Metoclopramide Diphenhydramine Famotidine Barium
Answer: Metoclopramide
Prokinetic drugs, such as metoclopramide, increase gastrointestinal motility. Meto- clopramide (Reglan) also acts centrally as an antiemetic by blocking dopamine and serotonin receptors in the chemo-receptor-trigger-zone (CRTZ). Famotidine is an H2 blocker. Diphenhydramine helps prevent mast cell degranulation. Barium is used to perform contrast studies of the gastrointestinal tract.
- What purpose is the administration of the drug Guaifenesin typically used for in horses?
Antimicrobial Muscle relaxation Expectorant Intestinal Prokinetic Anti-inflammatory
Answer: Muscle relaxation
Guaifenesin is administered intravenously to horses to provide relaxation of skeletal muscles during induction of general anesthesia. The exact mechanism of action is unknown but believed to be related to central depression of nerve impulse transmission.Although guaifenesin is administered orally in some species as an expectorant, this is not the typical reason for its administration in horses.
- A 7-kg Dachshund "Rudy" is being treated for pancreatitis and has been vomiting. You are
asked to start him on a constant rate infusion of metoclo- pramide at 2 mg per kilogram per day (mg/kg/day). He is on a fluid rate of 23 mL/hr. Metoclopramide comes in a concentration of 5mg/mL. How much metoclopramide will you add to a liter bag of LRS?
- mL
- mL
- mL
1.2 mL
Answer: 5 mL
Constant rate infusions are not something that an entry level technician would typically perform. However, the VTNE may have some questions on CRI and it will benefit you to know how to do these calculations. To solve this problem, break down the basic parts to make it
less overwhelming: 2 / 4
1) Convert pounds to kilograms- Note that in this problem the units are already in kg so no conversion is necessary. Make sure to pay attention to this.2) Calculate the number of hours an infusion will last by dividing the volume in the bag (1
Liter, or 1,000 mL) by the rate per hour: 1,000 mL/23mL/hr = 43 hours
We want to make sure the units match the equation in the problem which asks for mg/kg/DAY.
So divide the hours by 24 (since there are 24 hours in a day):
43 hours/24 hours/day = 1.8 days
4) Now plug into the equation: 2mg/7kg/1.8 days= 25 mg
5) Calculate the quantity of metoclopramide to add by now dividing the 25 mg by the
concentration of the drug (5 mg/mL) : 25mg/5mg/mL = 5 mL
To be truly accurate when adding drugs to a bag like this, you should discard 5 mL of fluids from the bag prior to adding the 5 mL of metoclopramide.
- A dog or cat with a hypomotile intestinal tract might most benefit from which of the following
medications?
Metronidazole Omeprazole Famotidine Metoclopramide
Answer: Metoclopramide
Metoclopramide (Reglan) is used in cases of hypomotility due to its prokinetic properties.
Cisapride is another drug that is used to treat hypomotility.
- A Bearded Collie is to receive an injection of maropitant (Cerenia). If the dose prescribed
is 1 mg/kg and the concentration of maropitant is 10 mg/ml, how many milliliters should the patient receive?
3.5 1.8 There is not enough information to complete this problem 0.5 2.1 6
Answer: There is not enough information to complete this problem
Without the weight of the dog, an appropriate dose cannot be calculated.
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- What quantity of drug is found in 200 mLs of a 10% solution?
20 grams 2,000 milligrams 2,000 grams 20 milligrams
Answer: 20 grams
A 10% solution is equal to 100 mg/mL. The easiest way to remember this conversion is to add a zero to the percentage. (10%= 100 mg/mL, 15% = 150 mg/mL, etc.)
If 1 mL is equal to 100 mg, then to find out the quantity of drug in 200 mLs, multiply 100 mg X 200 = 20,000 mg. There are 20,000 mg in 200 mLs of a 10% solution.
But none of the choices are 20,000 mg. We need to go one step further and determine how many grams this is.
- gram is equal to 1,000 mg. We need to divide the milligrams by 1,000. So, 20,000mg / 1,000
= 20 grams.
- Which of these drugs is considered a Class II controlled substance by the Drug
Enforcement Administration?
Ketamine Buprenorphine Diazepam Fentanyl
Answer: Fentanyl
Fentanyl, along with hydromorphone, methadone, morphine, and pentobarbital, is classified as a schedule II drug.
Buprenorphine and ketamine are both schedule III. Diazepam (Valium) is a schedule IV. Schedule I have the highest potential abuse, and schedule IV have the lowest potential for abuse.
- Which antibiotic choice is NOT bactericidal?
Baytril Gentamicin Cephalexin Doxycycline
Answer: Doxycycline
Tetracyclines (including doxycycline) are bacteriostatic, which means these antibiotics do not kill bacteria. Bacteriostatic antibiotics act to inhibit bacterial growth.Tetracyclines, the macrolides (like erythromycin), chloramphenicol, and trimetho- prim sulfa are all bacteriostatic. Bacteriostatic antibiotics can be sufficiently effective if the host's immune
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