2024 VTNE Practice Questions Part 2

2024 VTNE Practice Questions ( Part 2 ) New Full Questions and Answers ( Included ) 100% Correct

• An animal that is dehydrated before surgery may require a because

of the cell volume occurs after rehydration.

• blood/plasma transfusion; dilution
• blood/plasma transfusion; hemoconcentration
• splenectomy; hemoconcentration
• splenectomy; sequestration

Answer: a) blood/plasma transfusion; dilution

Rehydration may necessitate a blood or plasma transfusion because dilution of the blood cell volume occurs with rehydration.

2. Platelets in mammals:

• appear within RBC agglutinations in cases of hemolytic anemia.

b ) do not have nuclei.

• appear as microfilaria in a Wright-stain smear.
• are too small to be detected, even clumped, on the feathered edge of a blood smear.

Answer: b) Do not have a nuclei

In mammals, platelets are nonnucleated fragments of cytoplasm released from megakaryocytes in the bone marrow.

3. Fleas are:

• endoparasites.

b)pseudoparasites.

• periodic parasites.

d) Ectoparasties

Answer: Ectoparasites

Parasites are divided into two large groups: endoparasites (internal parasites), which include nematodes, cestodes, trematodes, protozoa, and acanthocephalans; and ectoparasites (external parasites), which include fleas.

• Actinobacillosis is usually treated with antibiotics, an antiinflammatory drug, and

intravenous administration of:

• sodium iodide. 1 / 4

• penicillin
• dexamethasone.
• oxytetracycline.

Answer: a) sodium iodide.

Actinobacillosis (wooden tongue) is diagnosed by oral examination and biopsy, with isolation of the organism. It is treated with sodium iodide and antibiotics, as well as antiinflammatory drugs.

5. In the infection process, a reservoir refers to:

• transmission of infection by direct contact with skin, secretions, excretions, or mucous

membranes of an infected animal.

• the portal of entry by which the pathogen gains entry into a new host.
• a pathogen's mode of transmission.
• an animal, insect, or fomite in or on which a pathogen can survive.

Answer: d) an animal, insect, or fomite in or on which a pathogen can survive.

A reservoir can be an animal, insect, or fomite (an inanimate substance or object such as water, a bowl, a cage, clipper blades, an instrument, a towel, or scrubs) in or on which a pathogen can survive

6. Treatment for galactostasis:

• is indicated during the first 1 to 3 weeks of the postpartum period.
• is begun during weaning and focuses on decreasing milk production and inflammation,

using warm compresses.c)focuses on treating the inflammation and massaging the affected mammary gland.

• involves a decrease in milk production, coupled with cold compresses to reduce ever.

Answer: b) is begun during weaning and focuses on decreasing milk production and inflammation, using warm compresses.

Treatment is begun if galactostasis occurs during the weaning period and focuses on decreasing milk production (reducing food and water intake and preventing nursing) and decreasing inflammation with gentle application of warm compresses.

• An allergic disease associated with airway inflammation, bronchoconstriction, and

excessive mucous production is:

• influenza.
• herpes.
• recurrent airway obstruction. 2 / 4

• viral arteritis.

Answer: c) recurrent airway obstruction

Heaves, or recurrent airway obstruction (RAO), is an allergic airway disease caused by airway inflammation, narrowing of small airways (bronchoconstriction), and excessive mucus production.

8. The analgesic effect of NSAIDs is due to:

• interaction with receptors in the central nervous system.
• interaction with specific opioid receptors in the brain and spinal cord.
• interaction with histamine receptors.
• modification of the inflammatory response.

Answer: modification of the inflammatory response.

Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) provide analgesia by modifying the inflammatory response.

• A 10% concentration of solution contains of a dug per of

solution.

• 1 g; 100 ml
• 1 mg; 10 ml
• 10 mL; 100 mL

d)100 g; 100 ml

Answer: c) 10 mL; 100 mL

Percent solutions can be expressed as vol/vol, meaning the number of milliliters (mL) of a drug in 100 mL of solution. For example, a 10% solution (vol/vol) solution contains 10 mL of a drug in 100 mL of solution.

• Cushing syndrome, or , primarily affects dogs and is characterized by

.

• hypothyroidism; an underactive thyroid, resulting in subnormal circulating levels of the

thyroid hormones, which causes a subsequent decrease in the metabolic rate

• diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA); the presence of ketones in the urine
• hypoadrenocorticism; inadequate secretion of glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids,

primarily cortisol and aldosterone

• hyperadrenocorticism; elevated circulating levels of cortisol produced by the adrenal

cortex Answer: d) hyperadrenocorticism; elevated circulating levels of cortisol produced by the adrenal cortex

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Hyperadrenocorticism, or Cushing syndrome, is a disease that primarily affects dogs and is characterized by elevated circulating levels of cortisol (hypercortisolemia) produced by the adrenal cortex.

• Which drugs can be administered safely via the endotracheal route?

a) Atropine, lidocaine, epinephrine, naloxone, vasopressin

b) Dopamine, epinephrine

c) Corticosteroids, atropine, vasopressin

d) Epinephrine, naloxone only

Answer: a ) Atropine, lidocaine, epinephrine, naloxone, vasopressin

Drugs that are safe to administer through an endotracheal tube are easily re- membered by the acronym NAVEL (naloxone, atropine, vasopressin, epinephrine, lidocaine).

• Two tests that can evaluate the intrinsic and common pathways of the coagulation cascade

are the activated clotting time (ACT) and the , which measures the time it takes for the primary platelet plug to form.

• bleeding time

b) CPPT

• hemostasis

d) PT

Answer: a) bleeding time

Using laboratory testing, the coagulation cascade can be divided into two pathways that result in formation of thrombin, the "intrinsic" and "extrinsic" pathways. Two tests that can be performed in house are the bleeding time and the activated clotting time (ACT). The bleeding time measures the time it takes for the primary platelet plug to form.

• Artie, a Pekinese, has begun losing weight and experiences some anorexia. He is

frequently suddenly exhausted. Tests indicate that Artie has , or disease of the heart muscle.

• cardiovascular disease
• cardiomuscular disease
• cardiomyopathy
• congestive heart failure

Answer: c) cardiomyopathy

Cardiomyopathy is a disease (-pathy) of the heart (cardi/o) muscle (my/o)

• In a blood smear, oxidative damage results in , which are

RBCs in which the hemoglobin has shifted to one side of the cell, creating a clear area

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