2nd Edition Beery Test Bank

Genetics and Genomics in Nursing and Health Care 2nd Edition Beery Test Bank

Chapter 1: DNA Structure and Function

Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

• In which body or cell area are most genes in humans located?
• Nucleus
• Mitochondrion
• Cytoplasm
• Plasma membrane
• Which condition or statement exemplifies the concept of genomics rather than genetics?
• The gene for insulin is located on chromosome 11 in all people.
• Expression of any single gene is dependent on inheriting two alleles.
• Sex-linked recessive disorders affect males more often than females.
• One allele for each gene is inherited from the mother, and one is inherited from the

father.

• What is the purpose of phosphorous in a DNA strand?
• Linking the nucleotides into a strand
• Holding complementary strands together
• Ensuring that a purine is always paired with a pyrimidine
• Preventing the separation of double-stranded DNA into single-stranded DNA
• What is the term used to defin

T e E a S lte T r B na A ti N ve K f S o E rm L s L o E f R a .ge C n O e M that may result in different expression of the trait coded for by that gene?

• Alleles
• Bases
• Centromeres
• Diploids
• What percentage of bases in a stretch of double-stranded DNA that contains 30% guanine (G) bases

would be adenine (A)?

A. 70%

B. 60%

C. 30%

D. 20%

• What is the term used to describe the organized picture of the paired chromosomes within a cell used

to determine whether chromosome numbers, structures, and banding patterns are normal?

• Pedigree
• Phenotype
• Karyotype
• Autotype 1 / 4

• What would be the sequence of DNA that is complementary to a DNA section with the base

sequence of GGTCAATCCTTAG?

A. GATTCCTAACTG G

B. TTGACCGAAGGCT

C. AACTGGCTTCCGA

D. CCAGTTAGGAATC

• Which of these complementary base pairs form the strongest or “tightest” association?
• Adenine and thymine
• Cytosine and guanine
• Guanine and thymine
• Cytosine and adenine
• What activity occurs during M phase of the cell cycle?
• The cell undergoes cytokinesis.
• Activity stops, and the cell “sleeps.”
• All DNA is completely replicated.
• The cell greatly increases protein synthesis.
• Which chromosome number represents the euploid state for normal human somatic cells?
• 44
• 46
• 47
• 48
• How does the proteome differ from the genome?
• The proteome changes in response to intracellular and extracellular signals.
• The genome changes in reT

sE poS nT seB tA

• N

inK trS acE eL lluL laE rR a.ndC eO xM tracellular signals.

• The proteome is stable in somatic cells and unstable in germ cells, whereas the

genome is stable in both somatic cells and germ cells.

• The genome is stable in somatic cells and unstable in germ cells, whereas the

proteome is stable in both somatic cells and germ cells.

• What is the most outstanding feature of a mature haploid cell?
• It is usually homozygous.
• The sex chromosomes are missing.
• Only one chromosome of each pair is present.
• DNA synthesis occurs after mitosis instead of before.
• At what phase of the cell cycle are chromosomes visible as separate structures?
• G1
• G2
• S
• M
• Which statement about the cell cycle phase of G0 is true?
• Hyperplastic growth in place of hypertrophic growth
• Performance of specific differentiated functions
• Initiation and completion of nucleokinesis 2 / 4

• Replication of DNA
• What is the result of normal DNA replication?
• Formation of two new daughter cells
• Formation of two identical sets of DNA
• Disappearance of the original parent cell
• Activation and attachment of spindle fibers
• Which statement regarding chromosome structure or function is true?
• The chromatids of any single chromosome are known as “sister chromatids.”
• The genes located on the telomeres of chromosomes are identical to the genes in

the centromeres.

• Immediately before the mitosis phase of cell division, the chromosomes of all

somatic cells are haploid.

• A specific gene allele on one chromosome has a complementary allele on the other

chromosome of a pair.

• Why does a person with normal chromosomes only have two alleles for any single gene trait?
• A minimum of two alleles is required for the expression of monogenic traits.
• When a dominant allele is paired with a recessive allele, only the dominant allele is

expressed, and the recessive allele is silent.

• One allele for the monogenic trait is on the paternally derived chromosome, and

the other allele is on the maternally derived chromosome.

• Expression of more than two alleles of any single-gene trait results in enhanced

expression of recessive alleles and suppressed expression of dominant alleles.

• Under what normal condition are genotype and phenotype always the same?
• Euploidy of alleles
• Aneuploidy of alleles
• Homozygosity of alleles
• Heterozygosity of alleles
• / 4

• What would be the expected result of a drug that affected a particular tissue by causing new DNA to

form with covalent bonds instead of hydrogen bonds?

• None of the cells in the affected tissue would be able to leave G0 and enter the cell

cycle.

• Replication of DNA would result in identical DNA strands instead of

complementary strands.

• Mitosis of cells in the tissue would result in the production of three new daughter

cells instead of just two.

• The new cells that formed within this tissue would not be able to complete the next

round of mitosis successfully.

• How does the DNA enzyme topoisomerase contribute to DNA replication?
• Unwinds the double helix and separates the double-stranded DNA
• Creates a “nick” in the DNA supercoils, allowing them to straighten before

replication

• Initiates DNA synthesis in multiple sites down the strand, making the process more

efficient

• Connects and links the individual pieces of newly synthesized DNA to form a

single strand

• Where is telomeric DNA located?
• At the tips of the p and q arms of chromosomes.
• In the mitochondria of all somatic cells
• Only in the germ cells (ova and sperm)
• Within the histones of the solenoid
• What is the purpose of a chromosome centromere?
• Connecting sister chromatids to form a chromosome
• Preventing the chromosome arm tips from unraveling
• Allowing chromatids to separate during DNA replication
• Ensuring that DNA replication proceeds only in the 3'-to-5' direction
• Which genetic process would be disrupted in one cell if it could not form chromosomes?
• DNA replication
• Gene-directed protein synthesis
• Delivery of genetic information to new cells
• Conversion of a nucleoside into a nucleotide
• What are the expected expressed blood types of children born to a mother who is B/O for blood type

and a father who is A/B for blood type?

A. 25% A, 25% B, 25% O, 25% AB

B. 25% A, 50% B, 0% O, 25% AB

C. 50% A, 25% B, 25% O, 0% AB

D. 50% A, 25% B, 0% O, 25

T % E A S B

TBANKSELLER.COM

• A person’s karyotype shows 44 autosomes and one X chromosome. What is the best interpretation of

this karyotype?

• The karyotype is aneuploid, and the individual has only one allele for each of the

genes on the X chromosome.

• / 4