68W ALC Phase 3, LPC Questions and Correct Answers 2024
pharmacology - Answer -study of substances that interact with living organisms through chemical processes medical pharmacology - Answer -science of substances used to prevent, diagnose and treat disease indication - Answer -reason or condition for which a particular medication is given dose - Answer -amount of medication given within a specified period of time single dose - Answer -amount of medication administered at one time maximum dose - Answer -the largest amount of medication either as a single dose or within a period of time cumulative dose - Answer -sum of all single doses over either a lifetime or a period of time strength - Answer -amount of medication contained per tablet, capsule, suppository, etc titration - Answer -administering a medication with variable strength, interval, and quantity to achieve and maintain a desired observable physiological effect (pain ctrl) contraindication - Answer -medical reason not to give a medication absolute contraindication - Answer -medical reason to NEVER give a medication relative contraindication - Answer -medical reason a medication should not be given, but may be acceptable in certain circumstances allergy - Answer -immune response in which there is a hypersensitivity response induced by exposure to a particular medication side effect - Answer -unintended, but not surprising consequence of a medication which may require a medication dose be changed or discontinued therapeutic effect - Answer -desired change in physiology for administering the medication therapeutic level - Answer -blood level of a medication required to achieve the therapeutic effect toxic level - Answer -blood level of a medication which will cause tissue damage 1 / 3
therapeutic range - Answer -variable blood levels of a medication between the therapeutic level and the toxic level therapeutic window - Answer -range of acceptable DOSAGES of a medication needed to keep blood levels within the therapeutic range peak - Answer -when medication is at its highest concentration trough - Answer -lowest blood level of a medication between doses half-life - Answer -time it takes for the body to eliminate half the dose of medication steady state - Answer -relatively constant blood level of medication which is sustained after 5-6 half lives of a medication tolerance - Answer -when the body has adapted to having a medication regularly and now requires a higher or more frequent doses to achieve the therapeutic effect resistance - Answer -when infectious organisms adapt to antibiotics and it takes either higher doses of same medication or a change to a different medication to kill the organisms metabolism - Answer -process of the body to break down and eliminate medications most metabolized by the liver or kidneys dosing interval - Answer -recommended time period between doses of a medication onset - Answer -time until a medication's therapeutic effect begins duration of effect - Answer -time until the medication's therapeutic effect wears off duration of therapy - Answer -length of time a course of medication is continued to ensure the desired effect is maintained dosing parameters - Answer -the limitations, considerations, and instructions required regarding a medication; helps achieve the desired physiological response minimize side effects Body weight, Comorbidities, Age - Answer -What are factors that affect dosing Importance for patients to understand dosing parameters - Answer --too little: not achieve therapeutic effects
-too much: increased side effects/toxic levels
Antibiotics - Answer -Medications which kill or inhibit the reproduction of bacteria Gram Stain Testing - Answer -Categorizes bacteria classification based upon chemical properties in the cell's membrane. 2 / 3
Gram positive - Answer -Indicates the presence of peptidoglycan Peptidoglycan - Answer -the substance that forms a tough, rigid structure of the bacterium cell wall Gram Negative - Answer -the cell membrane outer structure consists of a cytoplasmic membrane surrounded by a thin layer of peptidoglycan.Aerobic - Answer -bacteria that thrives only in an oxygen environment Anaerobic - Answer -bacteria that grow well in the absence of oxygen Viruses and fungi - Answer -Antibiotics are not effective on what?Sexually or asexually - Answer -How do fungi reproduce Penicillin - Answer -Effective against gram positive aerobic organisms 1st Gen Cephalosporin - Answer -Effective against gram positive bacteria 2nd Gen Cephalosporin - Answer -Effective against gram positive bacteria 3rd Gen Cephalosporin - Answer -Effective against both gram positive and negative bacteria 4th Gen Cephalosporin - Answer -Effective against both gram positive and negative bacteria Cephalosporin - Answer -Patients with allergies to PCN's have 10-20% risk of being allergic to...Macrolides - Answer -Stimulates motilin receptors in the gastrointestinal tract and may cause diarrhea.Tetracyclines - Answer -Inhibit growth of bacteria therefore works slowly; posses anti-inflammatory effect; don't use on children or pregnant women Quinolones - Answer -Long term use may have increased risk of spontaneous tendon rupture Sulfonamides - Answer -Sulfa based, broad spectrum antibiotic; effective against MRSA Nitrofurantoin (Macrobid) - Answer -Safer than most antibiotics; Pregnancy Category B Tinea cruris - Answer -jock itch Tinea corpus - Answer -ring worm Undecylenic Acid - Answer -Army foot powder Tinea pedis - Answer -atletes foot Liver - Answer -Where is Tylenol metabolized at?N - acetylcysteine (Muconyst) - Answer -What is the antidote for Tylenol?
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