ABNORMAL nPSYCHOLOGY

ABNORMAL nPSYCHOLOGY @z_rpmcutieeen@bona_rpm2023 n@Frissonacen@sikeolohijan@bloomypurplen@akosigengarrr

CHAPTER n1n|nAbnormalnBehaviorninnHistoricalnContext

• Accordingntonthenauthorsnofnyourntextbook,nthendefinitionn

ofnanpsychologicalndisordernisnassociatednwith

• stress.
• impairednfunctioning.
• culturallynexpectednresponses.
• psychoticnsymptoms.

• Anpsychologicalndysfunctionnrefersnto
• anbreakdownninncognitivenfunctioning.
• anbreakdownninnemotionalnfunctioning.
• anbreakdownninnbehavioralnfunctioning.
• anynofnthese.

• Regardingnthendefinitionnofnabnormality,nitnisncorrectnto

nstatenthat

• itnisndifficultntondefinen“normal”nandn“abnormal.”
• abnormalityndependsnsolelynonnsubjectivendistress.
• thendefinitionnisnuniversalnacrossncultures.
• thencriteriandifferndependingnonnwhethernthenindividualnh

asnanpsychologicalndisordernornanpsychologicalndy sfunction.

• Thencriterionnthatnanparticularnbehaviornbenatypicalnornnotn

culturallynexpectednisninsufficientntondefinenabnormalityn because

• behaviornthatnoccursninfrequentlynisnconsideredna

bnormalninneverynculture.

• thenatypicalnbehaviornmustnalsoncausenharmnornim

pairmentntonbenconsiderednabnormal.

• behaviorsnvarynverynlittlenfromnonenindividualntonanothern

withinneachnculture.

• manynpeoplenbehaveninnwaysnthatndeviatenfromnthen

average,nbutnthisndoesn’tnmeannthatntheynhavenand isorder.

• Anmalencollegenstudentnbeginsnfeelingnsadnandnlonely.n

Althoughnstillnablentongontonclassesnandnworknatnhisnjob,nhenfi ndsnhimselfnfeelingndownnmuchnofnthentimenandnworriesna boutnwhatnisnhappeningntonhim.nWhichnpartnofnthendefinitionn ofnabnormalitynappliesntonhisnsituation?

• Personalndistress
• Culturalnfactors
• Impairednfunctioning
• Violationnofnsocietalnnorms

• Marknhasndyednhisnhairnpurple.nAlthoughnhisnfriendsnlikent

hencolor,nhisnoldernauntsnhavenbeenngivingnhimnstrangenl ooks.nMarknisnapplyingnfornjobsnandnhasnnotnyetnhadnanynjobn offers.nHensuspectsnthatnpotentialnemployersnarennotntakingn himnseriouslynbecausenofnhisnhairncolor.nWhichnpartnof nabnormalitynappliesntonMark’snemployment nsituation?

• PersonalnDistress
• CulturalnFactors
• ImpairednFunctioning
• ViolationnofnSocialnNorms
• Talkingnloudlynandnsmokingnisnmorenappropriateninnann

EgyptiannmovientheaternthannannAmericannone.nThisnill ustratesnwhichnnorm?

• PersonalnDistress
• CulturalnFactor
• ImpairednFunctioning
• ViolationnofnSocialnNorms

8. Whichnofnthenfollowingnisntrue:

• Therenisnclearnconsensusnonnthendefinitionnofnmentaln

healthndisease.

• Therenisnnonclearnconsensusnonnthendefinitionnofndi

seasenbutntherenisnanclearndefinitionnofnmentalnhealthndis order.

• ThenDiagnosticnandnStatisticalnManualn(DSM)nnevern

changesnitsndefinitions.

• ThenDSMnisnbasednonnprototypesnornsymptomsnandne

xamplesnofnthenphenomenonninnquestion.

• Whichnofnthenfollowingndegreesnisnearnednbynanpsy

chiatrist?

• Ph.D.
• Ed.D.
• M.D.
• Psy.D.

• Withnwhichnofnthenfollowingnterminalndegreesncannyou

npracticentherapy?

• Master’sndegreeninnbusinessnadministration
• Bachelor’sndegreeninnpsychology
• Ph.D. in psychology with additional

licensingnrequirements

• Ph.D.ninnnon-profitnmanagement

• RockynStarrnisnanmalenrockernwhonwearsnoutlandish

makeupnandnwomen’snclothingnwhennperformingnonnstage.Thisnbehaviornisnconsidered

• morenabnormalnthannthatnofnannaccountantnwhonstartsn

tondonsonbecausenrockstarsnarensupposedntonbenveryn masculine.

• lessnabnormalnthannthatnofnannaccountantnwhonstartsnton

donsonbecausenitnisnconsistentnwithnhisnprofessionalns uccess.

• lessnabnormalnthannthatnofnannaccountantnwhonstartsnton

donsonbecausenitsnmorencommonntonseenanrockstarninn makeup.

• justnasnabnormalnasnthatnofnannaccountantnwhonstartsnton

donsonbecausenabnormalitynisndefinednbynthenindividualn himself.

• Thenprototypenofnandisordernreflectsnasndescribedninn

DSM-5.

• itsnhistorynandnprognosis
• itsnbiologicalnunderpinnings
• thencausesnofnpathology
• then“typical”nprofilenandndiagnosticncriteria 1 / 4

ABNORMAL nPSYCHOLOGY @z_rpmcutieeen@bona_rpm2023 n@Frissonacen@sikeolohijan@bloomypurplen@akosigengarrr

• Thenscientificnstudynofnpsychologicalndisordersnisncalled
• psychopathology.
• psychoanalysis.
• pseudoscience.
• parapsychology.

• Dr.nSimonsnisnstudyingnlearningnbehaviorninnrats.nWhatni

snlikelynhernmainnfieldnofnstudy?

• Behaviorism
• Oedipalntheory
• Psychiatry
• HumanisticnPsychology

• Whynisnthenbiologicalntheoreticalnmodelnconsideredna

nnewernfieldnofnstudynthannthenpsychologicalntheoretica lnmodel?

• Brainnscansncanntellnusnaboutnbrainnstructure.
• Thenfieldnofngeneticsnisnrelativelynyoung.
• Wenhavenmorenpowerfulnmicroscopesnthannwenhaven

hadninnthenpast.

• Allnofnthenabovenarentrue.

• Dr.nSmithnisninterestedninnhownseparationnanxietyn

changesnoverntimenfromnchildhoodntonadolescenceninnthe ngeneralnpopulation.nWhatnisnhisnmainnfieldnofnstudy?

• Oedipalntheory
• Behaviorism
• Childnpsychopathology
• Developmentalnpsychology

• Allnofnthenfollowingnarenwaysninnwhichnmentalnhealthn

professionalsnmightnfunctionnasnscientist- practitionersnEXCEPT

• analyzingntheirnownnmotivationsnandnreasonsnforn

helpingnpeoplenwithnpsychologicalnproblems.

• evaluatingntheirnownnassessmentsnandntreatmentsnforn

effectiveness.

• conductingnresearchnleadingntonnewninformationnaboutn

mentalndisordersnandntheirntreatments.

• usingnthenmostncurrentndiagnosticnandntreatmentn

procedures.

• Tameka,nhavingnearnednhernmaster’sndegree,nhasnbegunn

treatingndisordersnandnconcentratingnonnfamilynproblems.n Tamekanisnprobablyna(n)

• psychiatricnsocialnworker.
• familyntherapist.
• psychiatricnnurse.
• mentalnhealthncounselor.

• Statisticalndatanarenoftennrelevantnwhenndiscussing

npsychologicalndisorders.nFornexample,nanresearchernmightn wantntonknownhownmanynnewncasesnofndepressionnare ndiagnosedneachnyear,nanfigurencallednthendisorder.

• prevalence
• incidence
• recurrence
• ratio

• Psychologicalndisordersncannbendescribednasnfollowingn

antypicalncoursenornindividualnpattern.nFornexample,nsc hizophrenianfollowsnanchronicncourse.nOnnthenothernhand,nm oodndisorders,nincludingndepression,nfollowna(n)ncourse.

• episodic
• acute
• cyclic
• Insidious

• Ifnanpsychologicalndisordernisnsaidntonhavenannacute

nonset,nitnmeansnthatnthensymptoms ndeveloped

• suddenly.
• atypically.
• gradually.
• followingnanperiodnofnrecovery.

• Whenn20-year-

oldnLarrynwasnfirstndiagnosednwithnschizophrenia,nhisnf amilynwantedntonknownifnandnhownthendisordernwouldnprog ressnandnhownitnwouldnaffectnhimninnthenfuture.nInnmedicalnter ms,nthenfamilynwantedntonknownLarry’s

• Diagnosis.
• Prognosis.
• Pathophysiology.
• diseasenetiology.

• Atnvariousntimesninnhistory,ninnannattemptntonexplainnp

roblematic,nirrationalnbehavior,nhumansnhavenfocusednonnsu pernaturalncausesnthatninclude

• witchcraft.
• demonsnandnevilnspirits.
• thenmoonnandnstars.
• allnofnthenabove.

• Throughoutnhistory,nonenofnthesentheoreticalnmodelsn

havenbeennusedntonprimarilynexplainnournbehavior,nthinkingn andnemotionsnEXCEPT

• psychological.
• biological.
• supernatural.
• physical.

• Towardnthenendnofnthen14thncenturynandncontinuingnintont

hen15th,nthencausesnofn“madness”nwerengenerallynattr ibutednto

• toxinsninnthenblood.
• religiousndelusions.
• brainndisease.
• demonsnandnwitches.

• Whichnofnthenfollowingnaccuratelyndescribesnthena

ttitudesnofnthenCatholicnChurchntowardnmentallynillnpeoplend uringnthenturbulentnpoliticalnandnreligiousneventsnofnthen1 4thnandn15thncenturies? 2 / 4

ABNORMAL nPSYCHOLOGY @z_rpmcutieeen@bona_rpm2023 n@Frissonacen@sikeolohijan@bloomypurplen@akosigengarrr

• Theynwerenconsideredntonbensufferingnfromnreligiousn

delusionsnandnwerencarednfornbynmembersnofnthen churchncommunities.

• Theynwerenseennasnpossessednbynevilnspiritsnandn

blamednfornallnmisfortunes.

• Theynwerenregardednasnbasicallyngoodnindividualsnwhon

werennotnresponsiblenforntheirnabnormalnbehavior.

• Theynwerenprovidednwithnmedicalntreatmentsnandn

sometimesnhospitalizednbecausenmentalnillnessnwasn regardednasnequivalentntonphysicalnillness.

• DuringnthenMiddlenAges,nasnwellnasnatnotherntimes,

nmentallynillnpeoplenwerensometimesnforcedntonundergonthenr eligiousnritualncallednexorcism.nThisnwasninnordernto

• curenthenmentalnillnessnbynmakingnthenindividualnmoren

religious.

• buildnupnmusclenstrengthnandnmakenthenperson

nhealthier.

• ridnthenindividual’snbodynofnevilnspirits.
• proventhatnthenpersonnwasnnotnanwitch.

• SigmundnFreudnproposednthatnmanynphysicalnco

mplaintsnsufferednbynyoungnwomen

• werenanformnofndivinenpunishment.
• reflectednstressnplacednuponnthemnbynsociety.
• resultednfromnthen“conversion”nofnsexualnfantasiesninto

sociallynacceptablenoutlets.

• resultednfromnthenriseninnfeminism.

• Innthenlaten19thncentury,nJohnnP.nGreynandnhisnco

lleagues

• discoverednthenfirstncurenfornschizophrenia.
• ironicallynreducedninterestninntreatingnmentalnpatients.
• changednthenfieldnofnpsychologicalnresearchnlargelyninton

anbiologicalnscience.

• creatednthenfirstnhumanentreatmentnfacilitiesnforn

mentallynillnpatients.

30. DSM-

5,nannupdatednversionnofnthenDiagnosticnandnStatistica lnManualnofnMentalnDisorders,nwasnpublishednin

• 1994.
• 2000.
• 2002.
• 2013.

• Researchnaboutnpsychologicalndisordersnfallsnintonthreen

basicncategories.nWhichnisnNOTnonenofnthesencategories?

• Analysis
• Description
• Causationn(etiology)
• Treatmentnandnoutcomes

• Thenauthorsndescribenannexamplenofnconditioningninn

whichncancernpatientsndevelopnannegativenreactionntonanv arietynofnpeoplenandnthingsnassociatednwithntheirnche motherapyntreatments.nThenphenomenon nisncalled

• generalizednconditioning.
• stimulusngeneralization.
• varietynstimulus.
• stimulusndiscrimination.

• Onenhotnandnhumidnnight,nonenofnyournfriendsnsuggestsn

doingnsomenreallyncrazynthings.nYounlooknupnatnthenskynandn say, “Itnmustnbenthenfullnmoon.”nYournstatementnreflectsnthe conceptnfromnwhichnthenwordnnisnderived.

• lunatic
• idiot
• maniac
• psychopath

• Inducednvomitingnwasnan17thncenturyntreatmentnfor

ndepression.nAsndescribedninnAnatomynofnMelancholyn(1621), nthisncouldnbenaccomplishedninnpartnbyneating

• rawnmeat.
• ice.
• coal.
• tobacco.

• Younarenlisteningntonoldnmusicalntunes,nincludingn“My

nMelancholynBaby.”nYournfriendsnarenimpressednwhennyo untellnthemnthatn“melancholic,”nreferringntonandepressi venpersonality,nderivesnfromnanGreeknwordnmeaning

• blood.
• phlegm.
• yellownbile.
• blacknbile.

• AccordingntonHippocrates’nhumoralntheory,nthen“

choleric”npersonalitynis

• hot-tempered.
• easygoing.
• kind.
• cheap.

• BasednonnHippocrates’nhumoralntheory,n“sanguine”

describesnanpersonnwhonis

• pessimistic.
• pale.
• cheerful.
• humorous.

• Bloodletting,nantreatmentndevisedncenturiesnagonto

nrestorenthenbalancenofnhumors,nwasnaccomplishednwithnthen usenof

• needles.
• leeches.
• tourniquets.
• bacteria.

• InnancientnGreece,nanwoman nsufferingnfromn“hysteria”

mightnbentoldnthatnhernconditionncouldnbencurednby

• marriage.
• pregnancy. 3 / 4

ABNORMAL nPSYCHOLOGY @z_rpmcutieeen@bona_rpm2023 n@Frissonacen@sikeolohijan@bloomypurplen@akosigengarrr

• therapy.
• divorce.

• InnancientnGreece,nsomen“humoralnexcesses”nthoughtnto

bencausingnpsychologicalndisordersnwerentreatednby

• increasingnorndecreasingnthenperson’snexposurento

heat,ndryness,nmoisture,norncold.

• herbalnremedies.
• decreasingnbothncaloricnandnliquidnintake.
• loweringnthenperson’snbodyntemperaturenfornextended

periodsnofntime.

• Innkeepingnwithnannacceptedntreatmentnfornmentalnillnessn

innthen14thncentury,nanphysicianntreatingnKingnCharlesnVInofn Francenhadnhimnmovedntonthencountrysideninnordernto

• havenhimncloserntonanhospitalnthatntreatednmentalnillness
• keepnhimnawaynfromnhisnfamily.
• restorenthenbalanceninnhisnhumors.
• curenhimnofnhysteria.

• Innannattemptntonridnthenbodynofnthenexcessivenhumors

nthoughtntonbencausingnpsychologicalndisorders,nphysiciansn throughoutnhistorynhavenusedntreatmentsnsuchnas

• bloodletting.
• inducednseizures.
• exorcism.
• drillingnthroughnthenskull.

• Thenconceptnofnhysteria,nwhichntraditionallynmeant

nphysicalnsymptoms nfornwhichnnonorganicnpathologyncouldn benfound,nisnnownassociatednwithnwhichnDSM- 5nclassification?

• Anxietyndisorders
• Borderlinenpersonalityndisorder
• Premenstrualnsymptomndisorder
• Somaticnsymptomndisorder

• Thentraditionalntendencyntonstigmatizenwomennas

“hysterical”nderivednfromnHippocrates’nconceptnof

• then“wanderingnwomb.”
• ann“incompetentncervix.”
• “penisnenvy.”
• “pelvicndysfunction.”
• Thencommonncold.

• Innthen19thncentury,nJohnnGrey,nanwell-

knownnAmericannpsychiatrist,nbelievednthatnmentalnillness nwasnduento

• psychologicalnfactors.
• physicalncauses.
• social/environmentalninfluences.
• unknownninfluences.

48. MoralnTherapynfocusesnon:

• Socialncontact
• Interpersonalncontact
• Teachingnwithinnholynbooks
• anandncnarencorrect

• Innthen1950s,nthenfirstneffectivendrugsnfornseverenp

sychoticndisordersnwerendevelopedninnansystematicnway.n Beforenthatntime,nallnofnthenfollowingnwerenusedntontreat npsychosisnEXCEPT

• opium.
• neuroleptics.
• herbalnmedicine.
• moralntherapy.

• Innthen1800s,nannimportantnresearchnandnclinicalnp

ublicationnreadnbynpsychiatristsninnthenUnitednStatesnwasntitl ed

• CasenStudiesninnMentalnIllness.
• AmericannJournalnofnMadness.
• AmericannJournalnofnInsanity.
• LunaticsninnAmerica.

• Withnthendiscoverynofnthenmajorntranquilizersncalled_,nitnb

ecamenpossiblentoncontrolnpsychoticnsymptoms,nincludingnh allucinations,ndelusions,nandnaggressiveness.

• neuroleptics
• benzodiazepines
• bromides
• opiates

• Benzodiazepines,norn“minor”ntranquilizersnsuchnasnV

aliumnandnLibrium,nareneffectiveninnreducingnthensymptomsno f

• Thentermn“hysteria”nderivesnfromnthenGreeknhysteron,

whichnmeans

• vagina.
• uterus.
• penis.
• libido.
• Thenfirstnsignificantnsupportingnevidencenfornanbiologicaln

causenofnanmentalndisordernwasnthen19thncenturyndiscoverynt hatnthenpsychoticndisorderncalledngeneralnparesisnwasn causednbynthensamenbacterialnmicroorganismnthatncauses

• malaria.
• Alzheimer’sndisease.
• syphilis.
• depression.
• anxiety.
• schizophrenia.
• hysteria.

• Innthenlaten1800s,nthenemphasisnonnanbiologicalncausenofn

mentalndisordernironicallynresultedninnreducedninterestnin ntreatmentsnfornmentalnpatientsnbecausenitnwasnthoughtnthat

• physiciansnshouldndevotenmorentimentonthenphysically

nill.

• patientsnwouldnimprovenmorenrapidlynifntheynwerennotn

hospitalized.

• thenhospitalnstaffnwasnnotnadequatelyntrainednton

administernnewntreatments.

• / 4