ACIS 1504: EXAM 1 (CHAPTERS 1-5)
Information System - Answer- A set of components that interact to produce information.Components perform four basic functions as they interact
IPO Model - Answer- All computers perform only a few basic functions: Input,
Processing, Output, Storage.Input - Answer- The function that gathers data from the environment and gets it into the computer. The environment may include human beings as well as other computers Output - Answer- The opposite of input. The function of disseminating information from the computer to its environment; again either a human being or another computer Processing function - Answer- Any manipulators necessary to turn data into information.Might be a calculation or sorting/ordering data. Includes many, many such steps Storage - Answer- What we do with our data/information when it's in the computer and not being input, processed, or output.Five Basic Components of Information Systems - Answer- Hardware, Software, Data, Procedures, People Hardware - Answer- the physical component that do much of the work. Includes items like the mouse, monitor, CPU, and hard drive Software - Answer- the instructions that tell the hardware what to do. Also called programs or applications Data - Answer- the facts and figures that are processed into information People - Answer- the human components that do the work the hardware cannot Procedures - Answer- Instructions that tell people what to do Methodology - Answer- A standard process. Includes detailed steps, common forms, and other tools that you might use on any systems development project Systems Development Lifecycle/SDLC - Answer- A common methodology that can help a team to implement a successful new information system or improve an existing IS.Also called the Waterfall Model. Initiated because IS need is identified Five Phases of SDLC - Answer- Planning, Analysis, Design, Implementation, and Maintenance 1 / 2
Planning Phase - Answer- Answers the question: "Is this project worthwhile?" During this phase, we look at the project from several different perspectives to determine if success is feasible. Includes feasibility tests. Project team is assembled and goal/scope of project is clearly defined.Economic Feasibility - Answer- Determines if the perceived benefits of undertaking the project outweigh the estimated costs Schedule Feasibility - Answer- Tries to identify if the time needed to complete the project is less than or equal to the time available to complete the project Technical Feasibility - Answer- Assesses whether the company has the technical expertise necessary to complete the project, and if not, whether the technical expertise can be learned by the existing employees, incorporated into the company by new hires, or outsourced Legal Feasibility - Answer- Ensures that all steps necessary to complete the project successfully comply with all applicable laws and codes of conduct Operational Feasibility - Answer- Attempts to determine if key players are likely to support both the project itself and the resulting information system Project Plan - Answer- The final outcome of the Planning Phase. A document that identifies goals, scope, budget, and schedule including tasks to be performed and who is responsible for each task.Analysis Phase - Answer- Attempts to answer the question "What?" (What is the cause of the problem/What does the solution need to do?) Requirements Determination - Answer- We must fully understand the existing IS, including manual steps. We must identify the shortcomings of the existing system as well as any new objectives we'd like the project to address. Developed through surveys, interviews, focus groups, and observations.Logical Models - Answer- Documentation of requirements produced by the IS professional taken in the form of complex models like flowcharts, data models, pseudocode, and similar documents. Specify WHAT the solution must accomplish without specifying HOW.Design Phase - Answer- Answers the question "HOW?". Begins with brainstorming, specific technologies identified for first time. Specific hardware, software applications, speciations for custom software identified/created. "Blueprints" stage Physical Models - Answer- When the best solution alternative is selected. IS professionals begin to turn the logical models into ______ models about how the solution will implement the requirements.
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