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ADVANCED MED -SURG
PRINCIPLES JERSEY COLLEGE
FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS WITH
SOLUTIONS
### Chapter 13: Fluid and Electrolyte Imbalances
Question 1: What are exchanged for potassium ions
during alkalosis or acidosis?
CORRECT ANSWER: Hydrogen ions (e.g., metabolic
acidosis results in hyperkalemia as H ions are shifted into the cell to raise the pH and potassium leaves the cell and enters the bloodstream)
Question 2: What is necessary for neuromuscular and
cardiovascular function?
CORRECT ANSWER: Potassium
Question 3: What helps to regulate muscle contraction
and relaxation?
CORRECT ANSWER: Calcium
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Question 4: What affects threshold potential?
CORRECT ANSWER: Calcium
Question 5: What contributes to muscle weakness and
coma?
CORRECT ANSWER: Hypercalcemia
Question 6: What contributes to muscle irritability and
tetany?
CORRECT ANSWER: Hypocalcemia
Question 7: What helps with carb and protein metabolism,
affects neuromuscular function, and produces vasodilation?
CORRECT ANSWER: Magnesium
Question 8: What lowers the resting membrane potential
and makes cells less irritable, which could result in an ileus?
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CORRECT ANSWER: Hypokalemia
Question 9: What may cause diarrhea, irritability, muscle
weakness, and EKG changes (such as tall tented T waves, absent P waves, prolonged PR interval, and QRS duration)?
CORRECT ANSWER: Hyperkalemia
Question 10: What may cause muscle weakness, EKG
changes (inverted T waves and ST depression), a weak irregular pulse, paralytic ileus, tachydysrhythmias (premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) and ventricular tachycardia (VT)), constipation, and U waves?
CORRECT ANSWER: Hypokalemia
Question 11: What do patients with hypernatremia present
with?
CORRECT ANSWER: Thirst, dry mucous membranes,
lethargy, restlessness, tachycardia, HTN
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Question 12: What are signs/symptoms of hypocalcemia?
CORRECT ANSWER: Tetany (a classic sign), muscle
twitching, bronchospasms, laryngeal spasms, seizures, hyperirritability
Question 13: What is a classic sign of low magnesium
(hypomagnesemia)?
CORRECT ANSWER: Tetany
Question 14: What are the clinical manifestations of
hyponatremia?
CORRECT ANSWER: Constant headaches, seizures,
lethargy, tachycardia, decreased BP, thready pulse, hyperactive bowel sounds, abdominal cramps
Question 15: What slows the depolarization of the cell
membrane?