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Advanced Pathophysiology Midterm NURS 6501 Walden University 1.A runner has depleted all the oxygen available for muscle energy. Which of
the following will facilitate his continued muscle performance?:
Answer: Anaerobic glycolysis
2.What causes the rapid change in the resting membrane potential that initi-
ates an action potential?:
Answer: Sodium gates open, and sodium rushes into the cell, changing the
membrane potential from negative to positive.
3.A 12-year-old male is diagnosed with Klinefelter syndrome. His karyotype
would reveal which of the following?:
Answer: XXY
4.A nurse is reviewing the pedigree chart. When checking for a proband, what
is the nurse looking for?:
Answer: The person who is first diagnosed with a genetic disease
5.An aide asks the nurse why people who have neurofibromatosis will show 1 / 3
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varying degrees of the disease. Which genetic principle should the nurse
explain to the aide?:
Answer: Expressivity
6.In teaching a patient with cirrhosis, which information should the nurse
include regarding cholesterol?:
Answer: Cholesterol decreases the membrane fluidity of the erythrocyte, which
reduces its ability to carry oxygen.
7.When a patient asks what causes cystic fibrosis, how should the nurse
respond? Cystic fibrosis is caused by an gene:
Answer: Autosomal recessive
8.How are potassium and sodium transported across plasma membranes?: -
Answer: By adenosine triphosphate enzyme (ATPase)
9.The nurse would be correct in identifying the predominant extracellular cation as::
Answer: Sodium
10.The early dilation (swelling) of the cell's endoplasmic reticulum results in::
Answer: Reduced protein synthesis 2 / 3
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11.What principle should the nurse remember when trying to distinguish
aging from diseases?:
Answer: It is difficult to tell the difference because both processes are believed to result from cell injury.
12.What is the diagnosis of a 13-year-old female who has a karyotype that re- veals an absent homologous X chromosome with only a single X chromosome present? Her features include a short stature, widely spaced nipples, reduced
carrying angle at the elbow, and sparse body hair.:
Answer: Turner syndrome
13.A eukaryotic cell is undergoing DNA replication. In which region of the cell
would most of the genetic information be contained?:
Answer: Nucleolus
14.The nurse is teaching staff about the most common cause of Down syn-
drome. What is the nurse describing?:
Answer: Maternal nondisjunction
15.A 50-year-old male was recently diagnosed with Huntington disease. Trans- mission of this disease is associated with::
Answer: Delayed age of onset
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