Advanced Pathophysiology Midterm 6501 Walden University Updated Version Questions and Verified Correct Answers A 12-year-old male is diagnosed with Klinefelter syndrome. His karyotype would reveal which of the following? - Correct Answer:Answer: XXY
A 20-year-old pregnant female gives birth to a stillborn child. Autopsy reveals that the fetus has 92 chromosomes. What term may be on the autopsy report to describe this condition? - Correct Answer:Answer: Tetraploidy
A 50-year-old male was recently diagnosed with Huntington disease. Transmission of this disease is associated with: - Correct Answer:Answer: Delayed age of onset
A eukaryotic cell is undergoing DNA replication. In which region of the cell would most of the genetic information be contained? - Correct Answer:Answer: Nucleolus
A newborn male is diagnosed with albinism based on skin, eye, and hair appearance.Which finding will support this diagnosis? - Correct Answer:Answer: Inability to convert tyrosine to DOPA (3,4 dihydroxyphenylalanine)
A nurse is reading a chart and sees the term oncotic pressure. The nurse recalls that oncotic pressure (colloid osmotic pressure) is determined by: - Correct Answer:Answer: Plasma proteins
A nurse is reviewing the pedigree chart. When checking for a proband, what is the nurse looking for? - Correct Answer:Answer: The person who is first diagnosed with a genetic disease
A patient wants to know the risk factors for Down syndrome. What is the nurse's best response? - Correct Answer:Answer: Pregnancy in women over age 35
A runner has depleted all the oxygen available for muscle energy. Which of the following will facilitate his continued muscle performance? - Correct Answer:Answer: Anaerobic glycolysis
Addison's - Correct Answer:___ symptoms: brownish hyperpigmentation of skin
diarrhea, nausea
hyponatremia d/t low aldosterone levels --> hyperkalemia
hypoglycemia d/t low cortisol
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low bp, risk for vascular collapse going into shock
adrenal cortex - Correct Answer:outer section of each adrenal gland; secretes cortisol, aldosterone, and sex hormones
Aldosterone - Correct Answer:Hormone that stimulates the kidney to retain sodium ions and water to regulate BP via angiotensin-aldosterone system, retention of sodium and secretes potassium
An aide asks the nurse why people who have neurofibromatosis will show varying degrees of the disease. Which genetic principle should the nurse explain to the aide? - Correct Answer:Answer: Expressivity
anterior pituitary gland - Correct Answer:the anterior part of the pituitary gland; an endocrine gland whose secretions are controlled by the hypothalamic hormones
produces thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)
Anti-diuretic hormone - Correct Answer:aka Vasopressin
ADH is a hormone made by the hypothalamus in the brain and stored in the posterior pituitary gland. It tells your kidneys how much water to conserve.
ADH constantly regulates and balances the amount of water in your blood.
aortic regurgitation - Correct Answer:(aortic insufficiency) incompetent aortic valve that allows backward flow of blood from the aorta into left ventricle during diastole
aortic stenosis - Correct Answer:calcification of aortic valve cusps that restricts forward flow of blood during systole
narrowing of the aortic valve, obstructing blood flow from the left ventricle to the ascending aorta during systole
autoimmune - Correct Answer:Addison's disease is typically an ____ disorder where the body is attacking the adrenal cortex on top of the adrenal gland
calcium - Correct Answer:parathyroid glands responsible for regulating ___ levels.
cardiac tamponade - Correct Answer:acute compression of the heart caused by fluid accumulation in the pericardial cavity--> impairs cardiac filling leading to low cardiac output.
Causes of cough - Correct Answer:inhaled particles, accumulate mucus, inflammation, or the presence of a foreign body initiates the cough reflex by stimulating irritant receptors in the airway
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