ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY UTMB 5355 EXAM 4

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ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY UTMB 5355 EXAM 4

NEWEST 2025 ACTUAL EXAM| COMPLETE 1 30 REAL

EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED

ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS) ALREADY GRADED

A+| NEW!!

Immune system distinguishes Two groups of foreign substances Which are - ANSWER - antigens/MHC self cells

• types of immune responses - ANSWER - humoral and cell mediated

humoral immune response - ANSWER - The branch of acquired immunity that involves the activation of B cells and that leads to the production of antibodies, immunoglobulins, either neutralize or eliminate pathogens

cell-mediated immunity - ANSWER - involves T cells and responds to any cells that displays MHC markers

Steps in cell-mediated immune response - ANSWER - 1. self cells or APCs display foreign antigens and bind to T cells

• Interleukins activate T cells
• If MHC are displayed on plasma membrane T cells proliferate

producing cytotoxic T cells

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pg. 2 Cluster of Differentiation (CD) - ANSWER - system to classify antigens found on surface of leukocytes. monitoring expression profiles of different CD antigens has permitted ID, and determination of function in various immune processes

Definition of cytokine - ANSWER - hormonal messengers responsible of most responses within the immune system, two groups pro/noninflammatory

T lymphocytes (T cells) - ANSWER - a major cytokine, antigen specific receptors on cell surface to allow recognition of foreign pathogens, also recognize normal tissue during episodes of autoimmune disease. CD4 + CD8

Th 1 cells - ANSWER - secrete interferon gamma, which activates macrophages, pro-inflammatory

Th2 cells - ANSWER - activate interleukin cells to produce IgE; activate eosinophils in allergic reactions,

TH 17 cells - ANSWER - pro-inflammatory, potential pathogenic role of autoimmune disease, decrease TH 17, decrease autoimmune disease

Treg cells - ANSWER - T suppressor cells, act to suppress immune response, play a key role in preventing auto-immunity

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Inflammatory response at vascular level includes 3 steps: - ANSWER -

vasodilation, increased capillary permeability, white blood cells

Vasodilation at vascular level causes - ANSWER - slower blood viscosity and increases blood flow to injured site

increased capillary permeability at vascular level causes - ANSWER - leakage of fluid out of the vessel causing swelling at the site of injury

white blood cells at the vascular level cause - ANSWER - adherence to the inner walls of vessels, cause chemotaxis to site of injury where they work together to begin the healing process

acute inflammation has a - onset and - duration - ANSWER - rapid, short

Symptoms of acute inflammation - ANSWER - fever, redness, heat, loss of function, is non-selective usually results in tissue destruction and necrosis

In most acute inflammatory responses regeneration of tissue is accomplished within - ANSWER - 2 weeks or less

chronic inflammation is characterized by - ANSWER - dense infiltration of lymphocytes and macrophages, attempt to wall off and isolate the infected area forming a granuloma

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