pg. 1 Advanced Pharmacology MYM Latest 2024 -2025 Test Bank Complete 230 Actual Exam Questions with Correct Detailed Answers (Verified Answers) Graded A+
What is the antagonist?a molecule that decreases a receptor action
How does depolarizing paralytic work?A drug attaches itself to the nicotine receptor found in the motor end plate, holding it open and allowing for Na+ ions to flow through, equalizing the intra/extracellular gradient, not allowing for repolarization.
How does nondepolarizing paralytic work?A drug attaches itself to the nicotine receptor in the motor end plate, holding it close and stopping Na+ ions from flowing into the cell, thus stopping depolarization.
How do muscles contract?Somatic Nerve depolarizes and sends acetylcholine (ACh) from the synapse to the motor end plate in the myosin fiber. ACh then attaches itself to the nicotine receptor, allowing Na+ ions to enter and depolarise the cell once the action potential reaches the T-Tubules and releases Ca+, causing the muscle to contract.
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pg. 2 What do nicotinic receptors do?When two ACh attaches to it it opens the channel and allow Na+ ions to enter and depolarize the cell
What are the phases all drugs must go through to create a response in the body?
- Dissolution
- Absorption
- Distribution
- Biotransformation
- Excretion
What is dissolution?The breakdown in the medication to allow it to be absorbed
What is biotransformation?drug metabolism
What is drug affinity?The force of attraction between a drug and its receptor site
What is drug efficacy?The ability to cause the expected response
What is the agonist?a molecule that increases a receptor action 2 / 4
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What does GABA receptors do?When activated, it allows Cl- ions to enter post synaptic cleft and slow down action potential by increasing the threshold for it to occur. It makes the neuron/cell more negatively charged, slowing action potential.
Explain the therapeutic window - Correct Answer - therapeutic window is the amount of a medication between the amount that gives an effect (effective dose) and the amount that gives more adverse effects than desired effects
Duration of action - Correct Answer - duration of action of a drug is the length of time that particular drug is effective
Explain bioavailability - Correct Answer - drug's bioavailability can be defined as the proportion of the drug that reaches its site of action
- rights to medication administration - Correct Answer - RIGHT CLIENT
RIGHT MEDICATION
RIGHT DOSAGE
RIGHT ROUTE
RIGHT TIME
RIGHT DOCUMENTATION
What do glutamate receptors do?When activated, it blocks Cl- from entering the post-synaptic cleft, increasing the chance for action potentials.
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pg. 4 How do benzodiazepines work?They bind to the GABA receptor-chloride channel complex, increasing the rate at which it opens and lowering the cell's excitability.
How do barbiturates work?They increase the amount of time the GABA receptor-chloride channel complex stays open, flooding the cell with more Cl- ions and decreasing its likelihood of depolarizing.
Explain Pharmacokinetics - Correct Answer - The study of how drugs are
moved through the body and are encompassed in mechanisms of:
Absorption Distribution Metabolism Excretion Think Kinetic (movement)
Summarize the main drug actions - Correct Answer - 1 - stimulating action through direct receptor agonism and downstream effects
- - depressing action through direct receptor agonism and downstream
effects (ex.: inverse agonist)
3- blocking/antagonizing action (as with silent antagonists), the drug binds the receptor but does not activate it 4- stabilizing action, the drug seems to act neither as a stimulant or as a depressant 5- exchanging/replacing substances or accumulating them to form a
reserve (ex.: glycogen storage)
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