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ONS/ONCC Chemotherapy Immunotherapy Certificate Exam 2024 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS

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Define mutations - ANSWER>> Variations in the nucleotide sequence of a gene

3 main goals of treatment: - ANSWER>> Cure

Control Palliation Define neoadjuvant therapy - ANSWER>> Treatment is given prior to surgery to shrink the tumor Define adjuvant therapy - ANSWER>> Additional cancer treatment given after the primary treatment to lower the risk that the cancer reoccur Define conditioning/preparative therapy - ANSWER>> Treatments used to prepare a patient for stem cell transplantation

2 types of conditioning therapies: - ANSWER>> Myeloablative

Nonmyeloablative Define dose density - ANSWER>> Drug dose per unit of time Define dose intensity - ANSWER>> Amount of drug delivered over time How is relative dose intensity (RDI) calculated? - ANSWER>> By comparing the dose that the patient ACTUALLY received to the planned dose of the standard regimen 1 / 4

How do alkylating agents work? - ANSWER>> By causing a break in the DNA helix strand, interfering with DNA replication and causing cell death

3 subcategories of alkylating agents: - ANSWER>> 1. Nitrogen mustards

• Platinum-based agents (do not possess an alkyl group but still termed

alkylating agents as they work similarly)

• Nitrosoureas

Most common subcategory of alkylating agents: - ANSWER>> Nitrogen

mustards

Common alkylating agents: - ANSWER>> Cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan)

Ifosfamide (Ifex) Bendamustine (Treanda)

Common platinum-based agents: - ANSWER>> Cisplatin (Platinol)

Carboplatin (Paraplatin) What is unique about nitrosoureas agents? - ANSWER>> Able to cross the blood-brain barrier; can be effective in treating some brain tumors

Common nitrosoureas agents: - ANSWER>> Carmustine (BiCNU)

Lomustine (CeeNu) Streptozocin (Zanosar) Hypersensitivity can occur with late doses of: - ANSWER>> Carboplatin 2 / 4

These agents are typically categorized as highly emetogenic: -

ANSWER>> 1. Alkylating agents

• Nitrosoureas

Pre-administration labs for alkylating agents and nitrosoureas: -

ANSWER>> BUN Creatinine CBC w/ diff What is the medication Mesna used for? - ANSWER>> Bladder protectant with administration of cyclophosphamide or ifosfamide Instruct pts receiving ________ to avoid exposure to cold air and consuming cold fluids for 3-4 days following treatment - ANSWER>> Oxaliplatin How do antimetabolites function? - ANSWER>> By blocking DNA and RNA growth by interfering with enzymes needed for normal cell metabolism Antimetabolites work in the ___ phase. - ANSWER>> S What types of cells are best affected by antimetabolites? - ANSWER>> Cells with high division rates

Common side effects of antimetabolites: - ANSWER>> Myelosuppression

GI toxicities Photosensitivity 3 / 4

Hand-foot syndrome

Common antimetabolite drugs: - ANSWER>> Azacitidine

Capecitabine 5-FU Cytarabine Decitabine Methotrexate The institute for Safe Medication Practices recommends what route of administration for vincristine? - ANSWER>> IV piggyback via gravity

Anthracycline antitumor abx work by: - ANSWER>> Interfering with

enzymes necessary for DNA to replicate in ALL phases of the cell cycle

The two major classifications of antitumor antibiotics are: - ANSWER>>

Anthracyclines Non-anthracyclines

Common anthracycline antitumor abx: - ANSWER>> Daunorubicin

Doxorubicin Epirubicin Idarubicin

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