Anatomy and Physiology 1: Midterm Review Questions
with Correct Answers 100% Verified 2024
CHAPTER 1:
ANATOMY - Correct Answer The study of the STRUCTURE of the body PHYSIOLOGY - Correct Answer The study of the FUNCTION of the body - Greek "relationship to nature" PATHOLOGY - Correct Answer The study of Disease LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION - Correct Answer Atom>Molecules>Cells>Tissues>Organs>Systems>Organisms CHARACTERISTICS OF LIFE - Correct Answer METABOLISM - living organisms use oxygen to release the energy stored in food (oxidative metabolism) RESPONSIVENESS - living organisms respond to their environment HOMEOSTASIS - living organisms remain within certain limits ORGANIZATION - living organisms have varying degrees of organization (layers, tissues, organs) REPRODUCTION - living things have the ability to produce GROWTH - living organisms will grow Name the five (5) BODY CAVITIES - Correct Answer TWO MAIN CAVITIES - DORSAL & VENTAL
DORSAL:
Cranial cavity Spinal cavity
VENTRAL:
Thoracic cavity Abdominal cavity Pelvic cavity PLANES OF THE BODY - Correct Answer FRONTAL (coronal) plane - divides the body into anterior and posterior sections 1 / 3
SAGITTAL plane - divides the body into left and right sections TRANSVERSE (horizontal) plane - dives the body into superior and interior sections Describe the ANATOMICAL POSITION and know the directional terms - Correct Answer ANATOMICAL
POSITION:
Body is upright Standing erect Head level, eyes forward chin level Arms at sides, palms forward (thumbs lateral) Feet flat, directed forward, shoulder width apart Directional terms - describe body directions - Correct Answer SUPERIOR - a part above another part Directional terms - describe body directions - Correct Answer INFERIOR - a part is below another part Directional terms - describe body directions - Correct Answer ANTERIOR (ventral) - means towards the front Directional terms - describe body directions - Correct Answer POSTERIOR (dorsal) - means towards the back Directional terms - describe body directions - Correct Answer MEDIAL - an imaginary midline dividing the body intoequal right and left halves Directional terms - describe body directions - Correct Answer LATERAL - towards the side, away from midline (ears are lateral to the yes) Directional terms - describe body directions - Correct Answer PROXIMAL - a part closer to a point of attachment to the trunk than another body part (elbow is proximal to the wrist) Directional terms - describe body directions - Correct Answer DISTAL - is the opposite of proximal. It means a particular body part is farther from a point of attachment to the trunk. (the fingers are distal to the wrist) 2 / 3
Directional terms - describe body directions - Correct Answer CRANIAL (cephalic) and CAUDAL - Tail side Directional terms - describe body directions - Correct Answer PRONE - Lying face down Directional terms - describe body directions - Correct Answer SUPINE - Face up Directional terms - describe body directions - Correct Answer SUPERFICIAL - near the surface (the epidermis is the superficial layer of the skin) Directional terms - describe body directions - Correct Answer DEEP - more internal parts (the dermis is the deep layer of the skin) ANABOLISM - Correct Answer Metabolic building of simple compounds into more complex substances needed by the body ANATOMICAL POSITION - Correct Answer Body is upright Standing erect Head level, eyes forward chin level Arms at sides, palms forward (thumbs lateral) Feet flat, directed forward, shoulder width apart ANATOMY - Correct Answer Study of body STRUCTURE CATABOLISM - Correct Answer Metabolic breakdown of substances into simpler substances; includes digestion of food and the oxidation of nutrient molecules for energy CELL - Correct Answer Basic unit of life DISEASE - Correct Answer Illness; abnormal state in which part of or all of the body does not function properly EXTRACELLULAR FLUID - Correct Answer Fluid outside the cell
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