ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY II ACTUAL LATEST
EXAM WITH QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS GRADED A+ /GUARANTEED SUCCESS
What are the general types of stimuli and give examples of each - ANSWER-
Mechanical: touch, hearing, balance
Thermal: hot and cold
Electromagnetic: vision
Chemical: taste and smell
Why are the general senses referred to as general? - ANSWER-general senses are distributed generally throughout the body
What types of organs are associated with visceral sensations? - ANSWER- pertaining soft internal organs: like the GI tract and portions of the urinary system
What type of stimulus is associated with visceral sensations? - ANSWER-stretch receptors, hunger and thirst
What is the difference between touch and pressure? - ANSWER-Touch: tactile
sense, sensation of something being in contact with the surface of the body
Pressure: the sense of something pressing on the body surface
Touch and pressure often operate at a nearly unconscious level. When do they operate at a conscious level? - ANSWER-When the contact is abrupt or severe. 1 / 3
Where are superficial and central temperature receptors located? - ANSWER-
Superficial: in the skin
Central: hypothalamus
How is core temperature measured in a clinical setting? - ANSWER-By using a rectal thermometer
What are nociceptors? - ANSWER-pain receptors
Where can nociceptors be found? - ANSWER-widely distributed sensory receptors inside and on the surface of the body, found almost everywhere, range from simple, free nerve endings that respond to intense stimuli of all types, to more specialized structures that detect mechanical forces, temperature, etc.
What are the four steps of the pain process? - ANSWER-Transduction: conversion
of a painful stimulus into a nerve impulse
Transmission: conduction of nerve impulse to CNS
Modulation: change nerve impulse, amplify or suppress
Perception: conscious awareness of painful stimuli
What is proprioception? How can this be achieved? - ANSWER-Sense of body position and movement, knowing where body parts are at any given time, operates at any given time
How do animals react to pain? - ANSWER-They can hide pain very well, some are very sensitive and become stressed easily whereas others are very stoic and show no issues until the problem is severe.
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Where are special senses located? - ANSWER-All located in the head
What is gustatory sense? - ANSWER-The sense of taste
Where are chemical taste receptors located? - ANSWER-on the tongue in the oral cavity, also found in the lining of the mouth and pharynx
What is the olfactory sense? - ANSWER-Sense of smell
How are smell receptors stimulated? - ANSWER-Hair-like processes project up from olfactory cells into the mucous layer that covers the nasal epithelium, nerve impulses are generated, travel to the brain, and are interpreted as particular smells
Where are the structures for the auditory sense located? (which bone) - ANSWER- Within the temporal bones of the skull
What structures are located in the external ear, middle ear, and inner ear? -
ANSWER-External ear: Pinna, external auditory canal, and tympanic membrane
Middle ear: Ossicles, eustachian tube
Inner Ear: Cochlea, organ of Corti
What is the external auditory canal? - ANSWER-soft membrane-lined tube
The tympanic membrane ________ when struck by sound wave vibrations. - ANSWER-vibrates
What are the basic functional units of the nervous system and what is their support group? - ANSWER-Neurons; Neuroglia (glial cells)
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