Animal Physiology From Genes to Organisms 2nd Edition Sherwood Test Bank

Animal Physiology From Genes to Organisms 2nd Edition Sherwood Test Bank

Homeostasis and Integration: The Foundations of Physiology

• Multiple Choice

Key/ Page No.

b 1. Physiology is the study of

• matter, energy and their interactions.
• how organisms function.
• the mind.
• temperament and character based on outward appearances.

a 2. The process of maintaining physiological stability in the face of disturbance is referred to

• as
• homeostasis.
• homeothermy.
• home remedy.
• homeopathy.

c 3. Which of the following statements is true?

• Structure/function relationships are evident at the organismal level, but not at the

molecular level.

• Evolution by natural selection led to physiologic adaptation historically, but is not

relevant to extant organisms.

• Homeostasis is the tendency toward relative stability in the internal environment

of an organism.

• Feedback control refers specifically to the homeostatic mechanisms that help

organisms stop eating when they’re satiated.

c 4. The August Krogh Principle states that

• understanding physiology can only be accomplished through the study of

evolution by natural selection.

• the shortest distance between two points is a straight line.
• understanding physiological phenomena is enhanced by studying model

organisms that have adapted to deal with particular physiological challenges.

• salamanders are good for studying regeneration of limbs since what will be

learned can be applied to human medicine. 1 / 4

a 5. Which of the following is NOT part of the hypothetico-deductive method of scientific

• investigation?
• proving one's hypothesis
• asking questions about the natural world
• proposing explanations for phenomena in the natural world
• designing experiments that enable one to test a hypothesis
• conducting experiments and making observations

b 6. The smallest unit of life is

• a DNA molecule.
• a cell.
• an organelle.
• a virus.
• a protein.

e 7. The basic functions of all cells include

• self-organization.
• self-regulation.
• self-support (structural) and movement.
• self-replication.
• all of the above

d 2 13-17

• Which of the following terms have NO relationship?
• adaptations and cost-benefit ratio
• homologous traits and a common ancestry
• negative feedback and set point
• feedforward system and acclimiatization
• antagonistic control and two effectors

e 9, 10

• The primary types of tissues found in animals are
• muscular.
• nervous.
• epithelial.
• connective.
• all of the above

a 10. Which of the following is NOT an example of connective tissue?

• muscle
• bone
• blood
• tendon
• cartilage 2 / 4

d 10 F 1-4

• Which of the following statements is true?
• The only physiological function for which surface-area-to-volume ratio is relevant

is digestion.

• The only physiological function for which surface-area-to-volume ratio is

irrelevant is reproduction.

• For any physiological function, a high surface-area-to-volume ratio is

advantageous.

• Surface area increases as the square of the linear dimension while volume

increases as the cube.

• All statements are true.

b 12. With respect to thermoregulation, most fishes are 13 a. regulators.

• conformers.
• warm-blooded.
• best fried.

c 13. Enantiostasis is 13 a. the maintenance of a nearly constant internal environment by direct compensatory mechanisms.

• the maintenance of one of two constant internal environments, in which the two

environments are mirror images of each other.

• the maintenance of a nearly constant internal environment by an indirect

compensatory mechanism.

• none of these.

b 14. From a physiological perspective, the increase in pelage (i.e. fur) that some mammals 17 experience in winter represents

• acclimation.
• acclimatization.
• adaptation.
• feedback inhibition.

b

17, 18

• Some hormones act to regulate the concentration of intracellular signals like cyclic

adenosine monophosphate (cyclic AMP, or cAMP) by activating or inhibiting adenylyl cyclase, the enzyme responsible for its production, or by activating or inhibiting phosphodiesterases, which are responsible for its destruction. Cyclic AMP, in turn, functions by activating enzyme cascades that set certain metabolic pathways in motion.The regulation of cAMP levels in cells is an example of

• homeostasis.
• rheostasis.
• equilibrium.
• adaptation.
• all of these. 3 / 4

a

13, 14

• In physiological terms, a set point can be defined as
• the value of a parameter, such as the concentration of sugar in the blood, that

homeostatic mechanisms aim to maintain.

• the value of a parameter, such as the concentration of sugar in the blood, that set

homeostatic mechanisms in motion.

• the location in a thermal gradient at which a poikilothermic organism rests,

reflecting is preferred body temperature.

• the winning stroke in a tennis match.

a 17. Prior to being used as subjects, many laboratory animals are given a period of time to get 17 used to the conditions in the laboratory, e.g., the light/dark cycle. The process they undergo during this time is referred to as

• acclimation.
• acclimatization.
• adaptation.
• adjustment.
• evolution.

a 18. The nervous system is an example of a system.21 a. whole-body control

• maintenance
• support and movement
• reproductive
• solar plexus

e

21, 22

• Drinking, a behavioral effector of homeostatic control of body fluid levels, involves which

of the following physiological systems?

• nervous
• endocrine
• muscular
• skeletal
• all of these

e 20. Which of the following is NOT transported by the circulatory system?22 a. nutrients

• dissolved gases
• electrolytes
• heat
• none of these

e 3, 4

• Which of the following disciplinary courses of study contribute to understanding

physiology?

• physics
• genomics
• evolution
• molecular biology
• all of these
• / 4