NUR 2063: Essentials of Pathophysiology
Exam 1 What is Pathophysiology (ANS - is the study of what happens when the normal anatomy and physiology go wrong, causing disorder and disease process of the human body.What 4 things does pathophysiology include?(ANS - Etiology, Pathogenesis, Clinical Manifestations, and Treatment Implications What is etiology (ANS - study of causes or reasons for phenomena. Includes Idiopathic conditions that have an unknown origin or cause.What is pathogenesis?(ANS - development or evolution of disease from initial stimulus to the expression of manifestations as time occurs.What are clinical manifestations?(ANS - Signs and symptoms of disorder.What are treatment implications?(ANS - Which combine the etology, pathogenesis, and clinical manifestations to determine the best treatment of condition per individual. 1 / 3
What are signs?(ANS - Objective or observed manifestations of disease.What are symptoms?(ANS - Subjective feelings of abnormality in the body.What is objective data (ANS - What you observe and can measure.What are examples of objective data?(ANS - rash, low blood pressure, bleeding What is subjective data?(ANS - What the patient may report to you What are examples of subjective data?(ANS - pain scale, they feel suicidal, fatigued.What is epidemiology?(ANS - study of the patterns of disease involving populations. Based on the spread and contact of diseases in people.What are the levels of disease prevention?(ANS - Primary, Secondary, Tertiary Explain Primary Prevention 2 / 3
(ANS - "Preventing"; altering susceptibility or reducing exposure of disease for people.Examples of Primary Prevention (ANS - Vaccinations and Handwashing Explain Secondary Prevention (ANS - "Screening"; early detection, screening, and management of disease to catch disease early before it spreads Examples of Secondary Prevention (ANS - PAP smears for STDs, lab work for HBA1C check, mammogram Explain Tertiary Prevention (ANS - "Treating" and preventing further complications from a disorder or disease after the person has the condition Examples of Tertiary Prevention (ANS - Rehab for hip surgery, relearning ADL's after amputation, Wound care after stroke to prevent pressure ulcers.What is homeostasis?(ANS - a state of equilibrium in which all body systems are in balance and the body is at its most optimal in functioning. Stable.What is allostasis?(ANS - ability to successfully adapt to challenges. It is not a balance but an attempt to adapt to achieve homeostasis. Example: sweating to lower ones body temp.
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