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BIOS 105 Vocabulary
1. Biology:
Answer The scientific study of life
2. Biosphere:
Answer The entire portion of Earth inhabited by life; the sum of all the planet's ecosystems
3. Ecosystem:
Answer All the organisms in a given area as well as the abiotic factors with which they interact; one or more communities and the physical environment around them
4. Community:
Answer All the organisms that inhabit a particular area; an assemblage of populations of different species living close enough together for potential interaction
5. Population:
Answer A group of individuals of the same species that live in the same area and interbreed, producing fertile offspring
6. Organism:
Answer An individual living thing, consisting of one or more cells
7. Organ:
Answer A specialized center of body function composed of several different types of tissues
8. Tissue:
Answer An integrated group of cells with a common structure, function, or both
9. Cell:
Answer Life's fundamental unit of structure and function; the smallest unit of organi- zation that can perform all activities required for life
10. Organelles:
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Answer Any of several membrane-enclosed structures with specialized functions, suspended in the cytosol of eukaryotic cells.
11. Molecule:
Answer Two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds
12. Emergent Properties:
Answer New properties that arise with each step upward in the hierarchy of life, owing to the arrangement and interactions of parts as complexity increases
13. Systems Biology:
Answer An approach to studying biology that aims to model the dynamic behavior of whole biological systems based on a study of the interactions among the system's parts
14. Eukaryotic Cell:
Answer A type of cell with a membrane-enclosed nucleus and mem- brane-enclosed organelles. Organisms with eukaryotic cells (protists, plants, fungi, and animals) are called eukaryotes.
15. Prokaryotic Cell:
Answer A type of cell lacking a membrane-enclosed nucleus and membrane-enclosed organelles. Organisms with prokaryotic cells (bacteria and archaea) are called prokaryotes.
16. DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid):
Answer A nucleic acid molecule, usually a dou- ble-stranded helix, in which each polynucleotide strand consists of nucleotide monomers with a deoxyribose sugar and the nitrogenous bases adenine (A), cyto- sine (C), guanine (G), and thymine (T); capable of being replicated and determining the inherited structure of a cell's proteins
17. Gene:
Answer A discrete unit of hereditary information consisting of a specific nucleotide sequence in DNA (or RNA, in some viruses)
18. Gene Expression:
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