ANT 304 Exam 1 Questions with 100% Verified Correct Answers 2024/2025 Lecture 2 What is Archaeology? - Correct Answer Archaeology uses scientific methods to recover and examine the remains of past societies Archaeology IS - Correct Answer -going to region and access sights -survey land and assess resources -exhibition -lab work -DISSEMINATING RESULTS= most imp
Archaeology is a subfield of anthropology - Correct Answer Four field approach:
-archaeology -linguistic anthropology -biological anthropology -social-cultural anthropology What is Anthropology - Correct Answer the study of humans and human societies in all of their aspects, biological, cultural, linguistic, archaeological what is the relevance of Archaeology for the modern world? - Correct Answer - hoe people have adapted to climate change through the millennia -how we can address future food insecurity by learning about past agricultural systems -how knowledge of cultural heritage enriches the lives of modern peoples -learning from the past mistakes and successes of great civilizations to build a bright, equitable, and sustainable future Levantine Epipaleolithic: Human Environment Interactions - Correct Answer -20-12,000 years ago -High diversity in plants resources -greater use of small seeded grasses than wild cereals 1 / 3
use of wetland resources Ancient Archaeology - Correct Answer -People have always specualted about their past
-Mesopotamians:
-Egyptians, Greeks, Romans, and Middle Ages in Western Europe The origins of archaeology as science - Correct Answer hypothesis--> data--> test--> back to hypothesis -we use scientific method in everyday life Until the 19th century, the guiding world view of Western science was only the _____ - Correct Answer Biblical narrative ***KEY concepts from the Early Development of Archaeology - Correct Answer -the great antiquity of the earn -the laws of "uniformitarianism" the Industrial Revolution 1760-1990 - Correct Answer -towns and cities of Western Europe expanded -growing number of discoveries -became more difficult to explain w/in the accepted paradigms and explanatory concepts in the decades leading up to the industrial revolution History of archaeology- Antiquarians - Correct Answer -500 years ago the intellectual climate of Europe began to change rapidly- PRINTING PRESS Why were the early Antiquarians struggling to interpret the flint artifacts and strange animal bones they found? What were the missing pieces of the puzzle? - Correct Answer -the great antiquity of the earth the laws of "uniformitarianism" Charles Lyell - Correct Answer Father of Modern Geology Uniformitarianism - Correct Answer -articulated by James Hutton and Charles Lyell (1785-1850s) 2 / 3
-landsurfaces shaped by imperceptibility slow, erosive action of water
-PRESENT IS THE KEY TO THE PAST
-these ideas led the rock cycle Modern Geology - Correct Answer -modern scientists like Stephen Gould have challenged Lyell's uniformatarianism -most geologic change is gradual and uniform but catastrophes have caused geologic change On the Origin of Species (1859) - Correct Answer - a major contribution to evolutionary biology, but Darwin chose not to address human origins in this book Archaeology and Natural Origins - Correct Answer -as state societies traced their own origins to earlier civilizations, they struggled with the prob of chronology chronology - Correct Answer how to study and date societies that were not described in the documentary record stratigraphy - Correct Answer developed in late 1700s as more careful excavations began to be conducted, an important concept for understanding relative chronology William Smith - Correct Answer Father of English Geology Lyell's Principles of Geology established the concept of _______ in geology - Correct Answer uniformitarianism Smith gave us the ______ tool to determine relative chronologies - Correct Answer stratigraphic Stratigraphy and Chronology - Correct Answer -Iron age -bronze age -stone age 20th century archaeology - Correct Answer -measures deep time: absolute and relative dates
- / 3