AORN Periop 101 Final Exam Study Guide

AORN Periop 101 Final Exam Study Guide with Complete Solutions Indemnity Payment - Correct Answer Payment made on behalf of the policy holder Liability - Correct Answer A legal responsibility Negligence - Correct Answer An act or failure to act that deviates from the standard of care Nursing Malpractice - Correct Answer A nurse's negligence or any intentional act that causes physical, financial, emotional, psychosocial, and/or cognitive damage to the person in the nurse's care Respondeat Superior - Correct Answer An employer is legally responsible for the nurse employee only

when:

• The nurse acts within the scope of practice
• Any allegations brought against the nurse occurred during the nurse's employment
• The nurse's actions were within the employer's best interests.

Tort - Correct Answer A breach of duty to another person as outlined by law What are the four elements of malpractice? - Correct Answer • Duty • Breach of duty • The breach of duty caused an injury • The injury was harmful to the patient Elements of Informed Consent - Correct Answer • Must be obtained by the licensed professional who is performing the procedure • The patient must give consent voluntarily with the full understanding of all implications • Must include

• Diagnosis
• Proposed treatment 1 / 4

• Treatment alternatives
• Consequences of accepting or declining the proposed treatment

Five Rights of Delegation - Correct Answer Right task Right circumstance Right person Right communication and direction Right supervision and evaluation Four types of patient privacy health care providers and personnel have an ethical and legal responsibility to always maintain - Correct Answer • Medical information • Physical exposure • Personal privacy • Electronic privacy Eight factors to consider before determining what anesthetic to use for a particular patient - Correct Answer • Patient's age • Length & type of surgery • Patient & surgeon preferences • Patient's co-existing diseases • Patient's mental & psychological status • Patient's previous experiences with anesthesia • Plans & protocols for postoperative pain management • Position of the patient during surgery The American Society of Anesthesiologist's NPO Guidelines - Correct Answer • Clear liquids - stop 2 hours before surgery • Breast milk - stop 4 hours before surgery • Infant formula - stop 6 hours before surgery • Light meal (toast & a clear liquid) - stop 6 hours before surgery 2 / 4

• Fried foods, fatty foods, meat - stop 8 hours before surgery Circulator RN duties during Induction of anesthesia and assisting anesthesia professional with Cricoid Pressure - Correct Answer • Cricoid pressure application is not released until the endotracheal (ET) tube cuff is inflated, tube placement is confirmed, and anesthesia provider has given a verbal confirmation to the nurse that the cricoid pressure can be released.• If intubation or ventilation of the patient becomes difficult, the perioperative nurse should retrieve additional airway equipment and supplies.General anesthesia - Correct Answer • A drug-induced reversible state of unconsciousness • Results in amnesia, analgesia, and loss of responsiveness, decreased stress response, and loss of skeletal muscle reflexes to a varying degree Regional anesthesia - Correct Answer • An injection of local anesthetics near nerve fibers that causes reversible loss of sensation over an area of the body • Examples include spinal, epidural, and peripheral nerve blocks.Monitored anesthesia care (MAC) - Correct Answer An anesthesia provider monitors the patient, administers sedatives and other agents as needed, and provides medical services as required.Moderate sedation - Correct Answer • The administration of sedative, analgesic, and/or anxiolytic agents by a physician or by a nurse under physician supervision • Depending on state laws and hospital policies, an RN may administer moderate sedation.Local anesthesia - Correct Answer • The infiltration or topical administration of agents to anesthetize a part of the body • The perioperative nurse provides patient monitoring and supportive care.

Phases of general anesthesia - Correct Answer • Phase I: Induction

• IV medications and inhalational agents are administered by the anesthesia provider.

• Phase II: Maintenance 3 / 4

• Medications and inhalational agents are administered to keep the patient anesthetized.

• Phase III: Emergence o At the end of the procedure, the anesthetic agents are discontinued or reversed to allow the patient to wake up.Anesthesia Reversal agents: Muscle relaxants: - Correct Answer 1. neostigmine

• edrophonium.

Note: There is no reversal agent for succinylcholine

Anesthesia Reversal agents: Sugammadex: - Correct Answer reversal agent for rocuronium, vecuronium, and pancuronium Anesthesia Reversal agents: Benzodiazepines: Midazolam - Correct Answer Flumazenil Anesthesia Reversal agents: Narcotics: Fentanyl: - Correct Answer Naloxone Patients at Increased Risk for Hypothermia - Correct Answer • Older adults • Infants and children • Women • Patients with lower-than-normal body weight Medical Conditions Associated with Increased Risk for Hypothermia - Correct Answer • Hypothyroidism • Hypoglycemia • Burns • Trauma • Hypotension • Congestive heart failure • Cardiac vessel disease

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