A&P 2 EXAM 2 STUDY GUIDE WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTION - UTA POLLOCK (IMMUNE,
RESPIRATORY, DIGESTIVE, NUTRITION) 2024/2025
primary immune organs - Correct Answer Bone marrow - Immune cell production, B cell maturation Thymus - T cell maturation Secondary immune - Correct Answer •Sites where most immune responses occur.•Nodes = focus on lymph •Spleen = focus on blood •Tonsils = focus on respiratory tract & pharynx Appendix & Peyer's Patches = focus on GI tract Neutrophils - Correct Answer •Phagocytosis.•Respond quickest to bacterial infection.Eosinophils - Correct Answer •Attack endoparasites.Contribute to allergic reactions basophils - Correct Answer •Release pro-inflammatory chemicals.•Contribute to allergic reactions.monocytes - Correct Answer •Differentiate into macrophages.•Can be wandering or fixed.Lymphocytes - Correct Answer •B cells, T cells, memory T & B cells •B = antibodies •T = helper, regulatory, cytotoxic Mast cells - Correct Answer •Release pro-inflammatory chemicals.•Contribute to allergic reactions. 1 / 3
dendritic cells - Correct Answer antigen-presenting cells natural killer cells (NK cells) - Correct Answer play an important role in the killing of cancer cells and cells infected by viruses innate immunity - Correct Answer •Non-specific •Immediate response (1st and 2nd lines) •No immunological memory -first and second line of defense to stop pathogens adaptive immunity - Correct Answer •Antigen-specific •Lag time from exposure to response (3rd line) •Immunological memory after exposure •Systemic response surface barriers - Correct Answer •Skin •Mucous Membranes •Hairs and Cilia •Secretions internal barriers - Correct Answer •Antimicrobial substances •Granulocytes •Macrophages •NK Cells •Inflammation •Fever cell-mediated immunity - Correct Answer •Cytotoxic T Cells •Immunity to intracellular bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa 2 / 3
humoral immunity - Correct Answer •B Cells/Plasma Cells •Immunity to extracellular bacteria, viruses, and toxins toll like receptors (TLRs) - Correct Answer most INNATE cells utilize these and they identify/bind tightly to PAMPs Pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) - Correct Answer help the innate immune system recognize pathogens and bind to TLRs How many TLR types - Correct Answer 11 Macrophages - Correct Answer develop from monocytes, are the largest leukocytes and primary phagocytic cells free macrophages - Correct Answer wander through tissue spaces fixed macrophages - Correct Answer residents in tissues and organs AIDD - Correct Answer Adherence Ingestion Digestion Destruction Antigen presenting cells - Correct Answer dendritic cells, macrophages, B cells antigen presenting cells - Correct Answer insert digested pieces of the pathogen into specific membrane proteins for presenting to/activation of other immune cells respiratory burst - Correct Answer Helper T cells cause release of enzymes in macrophages which kill pathogens resistant to lysosomal enzymes natural killer cells (NK cells) - Correct Answer -Nonphagocytic, large granular lymphocytes that police blood and lymph
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