AP Music Theory Terms FORM CORRECT ANSWER ways in which composition is shaped Cadence CORRECT ANSWER a harmonic goal, specifically the chords used at the goal Cadential extension CORRECT ANSWER delay of cadence by addition of material Coda CORRECT ANSWER conclusion of composition Codetta CORRECT ANSWER "small coda" marks end of sonatas, ends in perfect cadence Contour CORRECT ANSWER shape of the melody Conjunct Contour CORRECT ANSWER stepwise Disjunct Contour CORRECT ANSWER with leaps Focal point Contour CORRECT ANSWER highest note of the melody Countermelody CORRECT ANSWER accompanying melody sounding against the principle melody Elision (phrase elision) CORRECT ANSWER when last note of one phrase serves as first note of next phrase 1 / 3
Introduction CORRECT ANSWER section which opens a movement, establishes melodic, harmonic, and/or rhythmic elements Bridge CORRECT ANSWER contrasting section which also prepares for the return of the original material section Chorus (refrain) CORRECT ANSWER line or lines that are repeated (starts off a jazz song) Song form (AABA) CORRECT ANSWER most popular structure Turnaround CORRECT ANSWER passage at end of a section which leads to the next section, often repetition of previous section, vi ii V I Twelve-bar blues CORRECT ANSWER three four-bar phrases, aab or abc pattern, most commonly I|I|I|I|IV|IV|I|I|V|IV|I|I| Melodic Fragmentation CORRECT ANSWER division of a musical idea into segments Melodic Internal expansion CORRECT ANSWER phrase extends beyond the expected phrase length Root position CORRECT ANSWER 1 in bass First inversion CORRECT ANSWER 3 in bass 2 / 3
Second inversion CORRECT ANSWER 5 in bass Third inversion CORRECT ANSWER 7 in bass (n/a for triads) Literal repetition CORRECT ANSWER sequences are repeated, indicated by repeat sign, capo, or segno Motivic transformation CORRECT ANSWER rhythmic theme is changed Melodic Inversion CORRECT ANSWER melody flipped upside down (Motivic transformation) Augmentation CORRECT ANSWER multiplication (Motivic transformation) Diminution CORRECT ANSWER division (Motivic transformation) Retrograde CORRECT ANSWER backwards Retrograde Inversion CORRECT ANSWER upside-backwards melody (Motivic transformation) Extension CORRECT ANSWER addition (Motivic transformation) Truncation CORRECT ANSWER subtraction Octave displacement CORRECT ANSWER taking a melodic line and moving some of the notes into a different octave
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