AP Psych- Unit 7 Memory and Cognition with Complete Solutions 2024 Memory is - Correct Answer the persistence of learning over time through the encoding, storage and retrieval of information Information processing models - Correct Answer analogies that compare human memory to a
computer's operations ex: our brain is like a computer
encoding - Correct Answer the processing (input) of information into the memory system, so that it can be stored storage - Correct Answer the retention of encoded information over time Reteival - Correct Answer later enables you to get the information back out parallel processing - Correct Answer the processing of many aspects of a problem simultaneously; the brain's natural mode of information processing serial processing - Correct Answer occurs when the brain computes information step-by-step in a methodical and linear matter what anatomical change occurs in the brain each time a memory is formed? - Correct Answer new synapses (connections between neurons)are formed every time you learn something new, strengthens already established pathways Richard Atkinson and Richard Shiffrin - Correct Answer proposed the classic three-stage processing model of memory (sensory memory to short-term memory to long-term memory) short term memory - Correct Answer small, brief storage space for recent thoughts and experiences.working memory is the new understanding of STM what is the capacity of short term memory? - Correct Answer 7 +/- 2 items (Miller's magic number) effortful processing - Correct Answer encoding that requires attention and conscious effort 1 / 2
explicit memories - Correct Answer memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and "declare" automatic processing - Correct Answer unconscious encoding of incidental information, implicit memories implicit memories - Correct Answer procedural memory as well as classically conditioned memory such as space, time, and frequency, and of well-learned information, such as word meanings something like reading becomes implicit over time.How does sensory memory work? - Correct Answer momentarily holds scenes or echoes of sounds (iconic and echoic) George Sperling's Experiment - Correct Answer suggested two types of sensory memory:
1. iconic (eye-conic): visual stimulus
2. echoic (e for ear): auditory stimulus
spacing effect - Correct Answer the tendency for distributed study or practice to yield better long- term retention than is achieved through massed study or practice testing effect - Correct Answer enhanced memory after retrieving, rather than simply rereading, information levels of processing - Correct Answer 1. shallow: encodes on a very basic level, such as the letters of a word
- deep: encodes semantically (based on the meaning of the words), more likely to be retained
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through deep processing where in the brain are explicit memories kept? - Correct Answer frontal lobe and hippocampus Hippocampus - Correct Answer A neural center located in the limbic system that helps process explicit memories for storage. brain's equivalent of a "save" button