APEA- Endocrine Pharm Questions

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APEA- Endocrine Pharm Questions and Answers | Latest Version | 2025/2026 | Correct & Verified

Which medication is the first-line treatment for type 2 diabetes?

• Insulin

✔✔B. Metformin

• Sulfonylureas
• Thiazolidinediones

What is the primary mechanism of action of metformin?

• Stimulates insulin release
• Inhibits glucose absorption

✔✔C. Decreases hepatic glucose production

• Increases insulin sensitivity in muscle

Which class of drugs can cause hypoglycemia as a common side effect?

• Biguanides
• DPP-4 inhibitors 1 / 4

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✔✔C. Sulfonylureas

• SGLT2 inhibitors

Which of the following drugs is a GLP-1 receptor agonist?

• Sitagliptin

✔✔B. Liraglutide

• Pioglitazone
• Glipizide

Which medication is contraindicated in patients with a history of medullary thyroid carcinoma?

• Metformin
• Sitagliptin

✔✔C. Liraglutide

• Insulin

What is the main side effect of thiazolidinediones (TZDs)?

• Hypoglycemia

✔✔B. Fluid retention and edema 2 / 4

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• Weight loss
• Tachycardia

Which medication class works by increasing glucose excretion through the urine?

• Sulfonylureas
• Biguanides
• GLP-1 receptor agonists

✔✔D. SGLT2 inhibitors

What is a common adverse effect of SGLT2 inhibitors?

• Hypotension

✔✔B. Genital yeast infections

• Hyperkalemia
• Bradycardia

Which drug class increases insulin secretion by stimulating pancreatic beta cells?✔✔A. Sulfonylureas

• Biguanides 3 / 4

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• DPP-4 inhibitors
• SGLT2 inhibitors

What is the primary action of DPP-4 inhibitors in diabetes management?

• Stimulate insulin release directly
• Inhibit glucose absorption in the intestines

✔✔C. Prolong incretin hormone activity

• Increase renal glucose excretion

Which medication is preferred for diabetic patients with cardiovascular disease?

• Sulfonylureas

✔✔B. GLP-1 receptor agonists

• Thiazolidinediones
• Insulin

What is the major risk associated with insulin therapy?

• Weight loss
• Hypertension
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