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APEA- Heme Patho Questions and Answers | Latest Version | 2025/2026 | Correct & Verified
What is the most common cause of iron deficiency anemia worldwide?
- Vitamin B12 deficiency
- Hemolysis
- Bone marrow failure
✔✔B. Chronic blood loss
Which lab test is most specific for diagnosing iron deficiency anemia?
- Serum iron
- Total iron-binding capacity (TIBC)
- Reticulocyte count
✔✔C. Serum ferritin
What is the hallmark finding in sickle cell disease?
- Thrombocytopenia
- Hemolytic anemia 1 / 4
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✔✔C. Sickled red blood cells on peripheral smear
- Pancytopenia
Which vitamin deficiency leads to megaloblastic anemia?
- Vitamin C
- Vitamin D
- Vitamin K
✔✔C. Vitamin B12 or folate
What is the primary cause of anemia of chronic disease?
- Iron deficiency
- Vitamin deficiency
- Hemolysis
✔✔B. Impaired iron utilization due to inflammation
Which test differentiates between vitamin B12 and folate deficiency?
- Serum homocysteine
- Methylmalonic acid 2 / 4
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✔✔C. Elevated methylmalonic acid indicates B12 deficiency
- Reticulocyte count
What type of anemia is characterized by a low reticulocyte count and pancytopenia?
- Hemolytic anemia
- Iron deficiency anemia
- Megaloblastic anemia
✔✔C. Aplastic anemia
Which condition is associated with an increased risk of developing aplastic anemia?
- Sickle cell disease
- Vitamin B12 deficiency
- Iron overload
✔✔B. Exposure to benzene and certain medications
What is the typical peripheral blood smear finding in hereditary spherocytosis?
- Target cells
- Sickle cells 3 / 4
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✔✔C. Spherocytes
- Schistocytes
Which of the following is a common cause of hemolytic anemia?
- Iron deficiency
- Folate deficiency
- Aplastic anemia
✔✔C. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency
What is the typical inheritance pattern of sickle cell disease?
- Autosomal dominant
- X-linked dominant
- X-linked recessive
✔✔B. Autosomal recessive
Which lab finding is commonly elevated in hemolytic anemia?
- Serum iron
- Ferritin
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