APEA Patho- Urology Questions and

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APEA Patho- Urology Questions and Answers | Latest Version | 2025/2026 | Correct & Verified

What is the most common cause of urinary tract infections (UTIs) in adults?

• Staphylococcus aureus

✔✔B. Escherichia coli

• Pseudomonas aeruginosa
• Klebsiella pneumoniae

Which symptom is most characteristic of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)?

• Hematuria
• Dysuria

✔✔C. Weak urinary stream and urinary hesitancy

• Nocturia

What is the primary diagnostic test for suspected BPH?

• Urinalysis
• Kidney ultrasound 1 / 4

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✔✔C. Digital rectal exam (DRE)

• PSA blood test

Which medication class is commonly prescribed for BPH to relax prostate smooth muscle?✔✔A. Alpha blockers

• Beta blockers
• Diuretics
• Calcium channel blockers

What is the hallmark symptom of acute cystitis?

• Flank pain

✔✔B. Dysuria

• Hematuria
• Fever

Which of the following is a risk factor for developing kidney stones?

• High fluid intake

✔✔B. Dehydration 2 / 4

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• Low sodium diet
• High fiber diet

What type of kidney stone is most common in patients with hyperparathyroidism?

• Uric acid stones

✔✔B. Calcium phosphate stones

• Struvite stones
• Cystine stones

Which of the following is an appropriate initial treatment for uncomplicated UTI in women?✔✔A. Nitrofurantoin

• Ciprofloxacin
• Amoxicillin-clavulanate
• Vancomycin

What is the typical presentation of nephrolithiasis (kidney stones)?

• Gradual onset of abdominal pain
• Painless hematuria 3 / 4

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✔✔C. Sudden onset of severe flank pain radiating to groin

• Dysuria

Which imaging modality is preferred to diagnose kidney stones?

• Abdominal X-ray

✔✔B. Non-contrast CT scan

• Ultrasound

D. MRI

What is the primary cause of prostatitis in young men?

• Viral infection

✔✔B. Bacterial infection

• Fungal infection
• Autoimmune disease

Which symptom is commonly associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD)?

• Polyuria
• Increased appetite
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