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APHY 101 FINAL EXAM LATEST 100 QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS 2024
What are covalent bonds? - ANSWER>>Covalent bonds are formed when atoms share electrons to become stable with filled outer shells
What are ionic bonds? - ANSWER>>2 oppositely charged atoms form this bond when electrons are transferred from one atom to another atom
What are hydrogen bonds? - ANSWER>>Weak attraction between positive end of one polar molecule and negative end of another polar molecule; formed between water molecules
Define ion - ANSWER>>When atoms gain or lose electrons, they become ions.
Define synthesis reaction - ANSWER>>Two or more atoms or molecules are joined together
Define decomposition reaction - ANSWER>>Larger molecules are broken down into smaller ones
Define exchange reaction - ANSWER>>Parts of molecules trade places
Define reactant - ANSWER>>The starting materials of the reaction - the atoms, ions, or molecules
Define product - ANSWER>>Substances formed at the end of the chemical reaction
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2 Define catalyst - ANSWER>>influence the rates of chemical reactions
What is an acid? - ANSWER>>Electrolytes that release hydrogen ions in water
What is a base? - ANSWER>>Electrolytes that release ions that combine with hydrogen ions in water
What is a salt? - ANSWER>>Acids and bases that react to form water and electrolytes
What is a pH scale? - ANSWER>>represents the concentration of hydrogen ions [H+] in solution
Neutral solution - ANSWER>>pH 7; indicates equal concentrations of H+ and OH-
Acidic solution - ANSWER>>pH less than 7; indicates a greater concentration of H+
Basic solution - ANSWER>>pH greater than 7; indicates a greater concentration of OH-
What is the difference between an organic molecule and an inorganic molecule? - ANSWER>>organic compounds have hydrogen and carbon; inorganic compounds do not
What is the difference between anatomy and physiology? - ANSWER>>Anatomy is the study of the structure of body parts, whereas physiology is the study of the function of body parts
What are the levels of organization? - ANSWER>>subatomic particles, atom, molecule, macromolecule, organelle, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism 2 / 3
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What are the requirements of life? - ANSWER>>Water, food, oxygen, heat, pressure
What are the characteristics of life? - ANSWER>>Movement (internal or gross); Responsiveness (reaction to internal or external change); Growth (increase in size without change in shape); Reproduction (new organisms or new cells); Respiration (use of oxygen; removal of CO2); Digestion (breakdown of food); Absorption (movement of substances through membranes and into fluids); Circulation (movement within body fluids); Assimilation (changing nutrients into chemically different forms); Excretion (removal of metabolic wastes)
Define homeostasis - ANSWER>>Body's maintenance of a stable environment
What is a homeostatic mechanism? - ANSWER>>the body maintains homeostasis through a number of self-regulating control systems; examples are regulating body temperature and pressure sensitive receptors to regulate body pressure
Define matter - ANSWER>>Anything that takes up space and has mass (weight). It is composed of elements.
Define element - ANSWER>>fundamental substance composed of chemically identical atoms
Define atoms - ANSWER>>smallest particle of an element; basic unit of matter
What is the structure of an atom? - ANSWER>>An atom consists of a nucleus containing protons and neutrons, with electrons in orbit around the nucleus.
Atomic nucleus - ANSWER>>the nucleus contains protons and neutrons
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