pg. 1
APHY 101 FINAL EXAM NEWEST 2024 – 2025
COMPLETE 200 EXAM QUE STIONS WITH CORRECT
DETAILED (VERIFIED) ANSWERS/ RATED A+
What is the difference between anatomy and physiology? - Correct Answer - Anatomy is the study of the structure of body parts, whereas physiology is the study of the function of body parts
What are the levels of organization? - Correct Answer - subatomic particles, atom, molecule, macromolecule, organelle, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism
What are the requirements of life? - Correct Answer - Water, food, oxygen, heat, pressure
What are the characteristics of life? - Correct Answer - Movement (internal or gross); Responsiveness (reaction to internal or external change); Growth (increase in size without change in shape); Reproduction (new organisms or new cells); Respiration (use of oxygen; removal of CO2); Digestion (breakdown of food); Absorption (movement of substances through membranes and into fluids); Circulation (movement within body fluids); Assimilation (changing nutrients into chemically different forms); Excretion (removal of metabolic wastes)
Define homeostasis - Correct Answer - Body's maintenance of a stable environment
What is a homeostatic mechanism? - Correct Answer - the body maintains homeostasis through a number of self-regulating control systems; examples are regulating body temperature and pressure sensitive receptors to regulate body pressure
- / 3
pg. 2 What is the difference among isotonic, hypotonic and hypertonic solutions? - Correct Answer - A solution with the same osmotic pressure as body fluids is called isotonic; one with higher osmotic pressure than body fluids is hypertonic; one with lower osmotic pressure is hypotonic.
What is a hypotonic solution? - Correct Answer - the solution has a lower solute concentration than the cell so water moves into the cell causing plant cells to swell and animal cells to swell and burst
What is hypertonic solution? - Correct Answer - The solution has a higher solute concentration than the cell so water moves out of the cell and into the solution causing the cell to plasmolyze
Steps of the cell cycle - Correct Answer - interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, cytokinesis
What are the two types of metabolic reactions? - Correct Answer - Anabolism and Catabolism
Anabolism - Correct Answer - Small molecules are built up into larger molecules, requiring energy
Catabolism - Correct Answer - larger molecules are broken down into smaller molecules, releasing energy
What happens when an enzyme substrate complex is formed? - Correct Answer - When the enzyme and substrate are joined, the catalytic action of the enzyme converts the substrate to the product (or products) of the reaction.
What is the active site on an enzyme? - Correct Answer - Active sites on the enzyme combine with the substrate and a reaction occurs.
- / 3
pg. 3 Denaturation - Correct Answer - the alteration of a protein shape through some form of external stress (for example, by applying heat, acid or alkali), in such a way that it can no longer carry out its cellular function.
What is ATP? - Correct Answer - the primary source of energy for a cell
How do cells get the energy to make ATP? - Correct Answer - By breaking apart glucose molecules
What is aerobic respiration? What are the two stages? How many ATP are produced? - Correct Answer - Aerobic respiration is the process of producing cellular energy involving oxygen. Cells break down food in the mitochondria in a 2-step process. The first step is glycolysis, and the second is the citric acid cycle. It produces roughly 36 ATP.
What is glycolysis? How does it begin and what is produced at the end? - Correct Answer - The 6-carbon sugar glucose is broken down in the cytosol into 2 ATP, 2 NADH, and 2 pyruvate molecules.
What is anaerobic respiration? How many ATP are produced? Where in the cell does it take place? - Correct Answer - Anaerobic respiration is the process of producing cellular energy without oxygen. Anaerobic respiration is a relatively fast reaction and produces 2 ATP. Anaerobic reactions occur in the cytoplasm.
What is the electron transport chain? - Correct Answer - The electron transport chain passes each electron along, gradually lowering the electron's energy level and transferring that energy to ATP synthase
What are the characteristics of DNA? - Correct Answer - Double-stranded DNA molecules twist to form a double helix consisting of "sugar-phosphate rails" and bases pair to form the "rungs."
What are the 4 types the DNA molecule base can be? - Correct Answer - (A) adenine (T) thymine
- / 3