APHY 101 MIDTERM EXAM LATEST QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT ANSWERS IVY TECH COMMUNITY
COLLEGE INDIANAPOIS AGRADE
How does an enzyme convert a substrate to a product? -ANSWER✔✔When the substrate fits into the active site of the enzyme, the enzyme catalyses a reaction that breaks the substrate down into the product. The product is then released from the active site and the enzyme remains unchanged, so can catalyse another reaction.What is the active site? -ANSWER✔✔a region on an enzyme that binds to a protein or other substance during a reaction.Denaturization -ANSWER✔✔Destroys the structure of a protein What is ATP? -ANSWER✔✔Adenosine Triphosphate - ENERGY - is required for active transport.How is ATP made? -ANSWER✔✔glycolysis and cellular respiration How is ATP broken down to release energy? -ANSWER✔✔hydrolysis Aerobic respiration -ANSWER✔✔Respiration that requires oxygen two stages of aerobic respiration -ANSWER✔✔Krebs cycle and electron transport chain How many ATP molecules are produced in aerobic respiration? -ANSWER✔✔36 or 38 Where does aerobic respiration occur? -ANSWER✔✔mitochondria Glycolysis -ANSWER✔✔the breakdown of glucose by enzymes, releasing energy and pyruvic acid. 1 / 2
How does glycolysis work? -ANSWER✔✔A single glucose molecule in glycolysis produces a total of 2 molecules of pyruvate, 2 molecules of ATP, 2 molecules of NADH and 2 molecules of water.Anaerobic respiration -ANSWER✔✔Respiration that does not require oxygen Where does anaerobic respiration happen? -ANSWER✔✔cytosol Electron transport chain -ANSWER✔✔A sequence of electron carrier molecules (membrane proteins) that shuttle electrons during the redox reactions that release energy used to make ATP.What does DNA look like? -ANSWER✔✔double helix (twisted ladder) What does DNA do? -ANSWER✔✔stores genetic information What does RNA look like? -ANSWER✔✔single stranded helix What does RNA do? -ANSWER✔✔Makes proteins Nucleotides -ANSWER✔✔Basic units of DNA molecule, composed of a sugar, a phosphate, and one of 4 DNA bases Organic bases in DNA -ANSWER✔✔Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, Cytosine Organic bases of RNA -ANSWER✔✔adenine, guanine, cytosine, uracil How is RNA made? -ANSWER✔✔DNA transcription How is a protein made? -ANSWER✔✔Ribosomes use the sequence of codons in mRNA to assemble amino acids into polypeptide (protein) chains mRNA -ANSWER✔✔messenger RNA; type of RNA that carries instructions from DNA in the nucleus to the ribosome
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