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APHY 102 MIDTERM EXAM – IVY TECH LATEST 2024
COMPLETE 200 ACTUAL EXAM QUESTIONS WITH
CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS)
GRADED A+
How are glucagon and insulin alike? - Correct Answer - Both works to keep blood glucose concentration constant
How are glucagon and insulin different? - Correct Answer - Glucagon stimulates the liver to break down glycogen into glucose and insulin promotes the formation of glycogen from glucose
How is diabetes insipidus different from diabetes mellitus? - Correct Answer - Diabetes insipidus - a person is insatiably thirsty and has large amounts of urine output Diabetes mellitus - two types (type 1 and type 2). Type 1 occurs when body makes no insulin. Type 2 occurs when the body reaches insulin resistance
How are pheromones different than hormones? - Correct Answer - Pheromones are a type of hormone that are released in small quantities and play a big role in physical attraction between people.
How does aging affect the endocrine system? - Correct Answer - As people get older, their endocrine glands decrease in size, muscular strength decreases as GH levels decrease, ADH levels increase due to slower breakdown in liver & kidneys. Calcitonin levels decrease, and insulin resistance may develop.
What is a hormone and how does it act? - Correct Answer - Hormones are chemical messengers that are responsible for regulation. They are secreted into body fluids, mainly blood. It has specific actions on target tissues, which are any tissue that has specific receptors for that particular hormone. 1 / 4
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What is a paracrine gland? - Correct Answer - a secretion that enters interstitial fluid but affects only neighboring cells
What is an autocrine gland? - Correct Answer - A secretion that only affects the secreting cell.
What is an endocrine gland? - Correct Answer - A gland that secretes a substance (a hormone) into the bloodstream and act on target cells
What is an exocrine gland? - Correct Answer - A ducted gland that produces a secretion onto a body surface.
Where is the thymus located? - Correct Answer - mediastinum; behind the sternum
How is water involved in metabolism? - Correct Answer - Water is the medium for various enzymatic & chemical reactions in the body. It moves nutrients, hormones, antibodies and oxygen through the blood stream and lymphatic system.
Which metabolic reactions release hydrogen ions into body fluids? - Correct Answer - Anaerobic respiration of glucose, aerobic respiration of glucose, incomplete oxidation of fatty acids, Oxidation of sulfur-containing amino acids
What is cholesterol? - Correct Answer - A waxy, fat like substance
What is the role of cholesterol? - Correct Answer - Keeps phospholipid layer membrane at an optimal fluidity. At high temps it reduces fluidity and at low temps it increases it.
It does this because it is ampipathic, meaning it is both hydrophobic and hydrophillic.Therefore it can associate with both parts of the cell membrane.
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pg. 3 What is the difference between fat and water soluble vitamins? - Correct Answer - Fat soluble vitamins dissolve in fats and are influenced by lipids.Water soluble vitamins include vitamins B and C
What are the roles of vitamins and minerals in the body? - Correct Answer - Both are essential for normal metabolism. Vitamins are organic compounds. Minerals are inorganic elements.
Why is vitamin A important? - Correct Answer - Normal vision, immunity and reproduction, also helps heart,lungs,kidney and other organs working properly
What is a trace element? - Correct Answer - an element that is essential to life, but only required in very small amounts
What is an adequate diet? - Correct Answer - Provides sufficient calories, essential fatty acids, essential amino acids, vitamins and minerals to support optimal growth and to maintain repair of body tissues.
What are normal levels and percentages of RBC - Correct Answer - 4,600,000- 6,200,000 in males.4,200,000-5,400,000 in females.4,500,000-5,100,000 in children.RBCs are 45% of the blood.
How is the shape of a red blood cell important to its function? - Correct Answer - It allows them to squeeze through vessel walls and transport oxygen to tissues
Why might blood volume differ from one person to the next? - Correct Answer - It might differ depending on a person's health and age, and women tend to have lower blood volume due to their menstrual cycle.
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pg. 4 What is hematocrit? - Correct Answer - the ratio of the volume of red blood cells to the total volume of blood
How is the anterior pituitary gland different than the posterior pituitary gland? - Correct Answer - The anterior pituitary becomes an endocrine gland producing and secreting hormones for the body and connects to the posterior pituitary when fully formed.Meanwhile, the posterior pituitary remains connected to the hypothalamus, functioning as a repository for hormones produced by the hypothalamus and receiving messages from it that regulate when hormones are to be released to and through the anterior pituitary
Neutrophils - Correct Answer - Most abundant WBC; 54-62%. Phagocytic and tend to self-destruct as they destroy foreign invaders, limiting their life span to a few days.
What are the functions of the cardiovascular system? - Correct Answer - Distribution of nutrients, oxygen, wastes, hormones, electrolytes, heat, immune cells, and antibodies, fluid, electrolyte, and acid- base balance
Where is the heart found? - Correct Answer - The heart lies in the thoracic cavity. It is posterior to the sternum, medial to the lungs, anterior to the vertebral column, and lies just above the diaphragm and beneath the 2nd rib with the apex of the heart at the 5th intercostal space.
Describe the layers of the heart wall - Correct Answer - Epicardium- outer layer; protects the heart by reducing friction. A serious membrane that consists of connective tissue covered by epithelium, and it includes capillaries and nerve fibers.Myocardium- middle layer; thick and consists largely of the cardiac muscle tissue that pumps blood out of the heart chambers.Endocardium- inner layer; epithelium and underlying connective tissue. Forms a protective inner lining of the chambers and valves.
What are the two steroid hormones? - Correct Answer - Sex hormones and adrenal cortex hormones; estrogen and testosterone
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