Audesirk Test Bank - Audesirk Test Bank MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the ...

1 Biology Life on Earth with Physiology 11th Edition Audesirk Test Bank

MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.1) Scientific inquiry is based on

• cultural biases or traditions.
• information found in a gossip magazine.
• natural causes.
• stories that are passed down through generations.

Answer: C

2) Which of the following is an example of a natural cause?

• Mice arise from discarded garbage.
• Epilepsy is a disease caused by uncontrolled firing of nerve cells in the brain.
• Maggots appear spontaneously on rotting meat.
• If you sneeze, you will die.

Answer: B

3) Science cannot answer certain faith-based questions because

• faith-based beliefs are impossible to either prove or disprove.
• there aren't enough variables.
• faith requires deductive reasoning.
• scientists are not able to study human behavior.

Answer: A

4) Which of the following is FALSE about scientific theories?

• They can be either supported or modified by new observations.
• They are used to support observations using deductive reasoning.
• They are firmly established and cannot be refuted.
• They are developed by inductive reasoning.
• They have been thoroughly tested.

Answer: C

5) Which of these would be an example of a NON-scientific study?

• NASA sends tadpoles up in the space shuttle to see how gravity affects their development.
• People are immunized with different vaccines to determine their relative effectiveness against the flu

virus.

• A study determines differences in the species composition in two parks.
• Consumers are asked which tomato variety produces the best-tasting spaghetti sauce.
• A company uses different advertising methods for a product to determine which one produces the most

sales.

Answer: D

6) The scientific method includes all of the following EXCEPT

• an observation.
• a hypothesis.
• a testable theory.
• experimentation.
• conclusions.

Answer: C 1 / 4

2 7) We use the scientific method every day. Imagine that your car doesn't start one morning before school. Which of these is a reasonable hypothesis regarding the problem?

• If I put gas in my car, it will start.
• I should change the battery or the starter.
• I should add a quart of oil.
• I should check whether the lights were left on and drained the battery.
• I'm going to be late.

Answer: A

8) A scientific theory

• is a general explanation for natural phenomena.
• is less reliable than a hypothesis.
• will never be changed.
• is an educated guess.

Answer: A

9) A scientific explanation that is conditional and requires more investigation is called a(n)

• fact.
• hypothesis.
• control.
• observation.
• theory.

Answer: B

10) A carefully formulated scientific explanation that is based on extensive observations and is in accord with scientific principles is called a

• postulate.
• theory.
• hypothesis.
• control.
• fact.

Answer: B

11) All of the following are features of the scientific method EXCEPT

• repeatable by other scientists.
• deductive reasoning.
• observation and experimentation.
• hypothesis formulation.
• supernatural causes.

Answer: E

12) Suppose you are testing a treatment for AIDS patients and find that 75% respond well, whereas 25% show no improvement or a decline in health. You should

• begin work on developing a new drug.
• review the results, modify the drug or the dosage, and repeat the experiment.
• conclude that only 75% of AIDS patients should be treated.
• discontinue experimentation with this treatment because 25% of patients did not improve.
• conclude that you have proven the effectiveness of the drug.

Answer: B 2 / 4

3 13) Alexander Fleming observed a colony of mold that inhibited the growth of nearby bacteria. What was the hypothesis proposed by Fleming to explain this result?

• The bacteria changed their DNA when growing near the mold.
• The mold produced a substance that killed nearby bacteria.
• The mold used all of the nutrients so that the bacteria couldn't grow.
• The mold was dead.

Answer: B

14) Imagine that 1 milliliter of an experimental drug diluted in a saline solution is injected into 20 pregnant mice to determine possible side effects. Which of the following is a suitable control for this experiment?

• 20 pregnant mice injected with 1 milliliter of saline
• 20 pregnant mice injected with 2 milliliters of the drug
• 20 non-pregnant mice injected with 1 milliliter of the drug
• 20 male mice injected with 1 milliliter of the drug
• 20 male mice injected with 1 milliliter of saline

Answer: A

15) Which of the following statements is a hypothesis rather than a theory?

• Modern organisms descended from preexisting life-forms.
• Female birds prefer to mate with male birds that have longer tails.
• Matter is composed of atoms.
• Living things are made of cells.

Answer: B

16) Which of the following is TRUE regarding faith-based beliefs and scientific theories?

• Faith-based beliefs can become scientific theories.
• Both faith-based beliefs and scientific theories can be proven.
• Scientific theories are not modifiable, but faith-based beliefs are.
• Any and all scientific theories can be disproven, but faith-based beliefs cannot.
• Any and all faith-based beliefs can be disproven, but scientific theories cannot.

Answer: D

17) Which is the correct sequence of increasing organization?

• Cell, tissue, organ, organ system
• Organ, tissue, cell, molecule
• Organelle, tissue, cell, organ
• Molecule, cell, organelle, organ
• Atom, molecule, tissue, cell

Answer: A

18) Which of the following levels of organization is the most inclusive (i.e., includes the most life-forms)?

• Community
• Species
• Biosphere
• Ecosystem
• Population

Answer: C 3 / 4

4 19) The smallest units that still retain the characteristics of an element are called

• atoms.
• tissues.
• organic molecules.
• cells.
• molecules.

Answer: A

20) Which of the following is an example of deductive reasoning?

• If an object exhibits all the characteristics of life, it must be living.
• All objects on Earth will fall down when dropped, and none will "fall up."
• Living objects are composed of cells.
• Atoms make up molecules, which make up cells, which make up tissues.

Answer: A

21) The experiments of Francesco Redi

• disproved that maggots and flies were related.
• used the scientific method to prove the idea of spontaneous generation.
• determined that fly larvae were present in raw meat, and when left on the counter they turned into flies.
• disproved the idea of spontaneous generation.
• disproved the scientific method.

Answer: D

22) Francesco Redi designed an experiment to test the notion of spontaneous generation. He left the first jar of meat open to the air and covered the second jar. The first jar would be called the jar.

• hypothetical
• control
• conclusive
• experimental

Answer: B

23) To test the effect of vitamin D on growth, two groups of rats were raised under identical conditions and fed the same diet. One of the groups received daily injections of vitamin D. The other group received injections of saline, which did not contain vitamin D. All the rats were weighed weekly for 2 months. In this experiment, the control was the

• group receiving saline.
• average weight gain of the rats.
• 2-month period of time.
• group receiving vitamin D.

Answer: A

24) Evolution is sometimes described as the change from preexisting life-forms to modern-day organisms. What actually changes, in every case of evolution, is the

• species' physical appearance.
• rate of reproduction.
• ability of organisms to respond to external stimuli.
• genetic makeup of the species, due to mutations.
• energy and nutritional demands of the organism.

Answer: D

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