B261 Exam 1 Questions with Correct Answers 2024 Nurse's role in safe drug administration - Correct Answer last line of defense against errors, patient education, manage/monitor proper use of drugs, check & cross check trade names, generic equivalents, correct name spelling, adverse drug reactions, warnings, & contraindications Things to include in patient education about meds - Correct Answer side effects, precautions, how often to take, what the drug is going to do, how long before it takes effects, etc.Chemical name - Correct Answer a drug only has ONE; helps predict a substance's chemical & physical properties; ex. lithium carbonate Generic name - Correct Answer less complicated & easier to remember; official name of the drug; ex.aspirin Trade name - Correct Answer assigned by the company marketing the drug; ex. Bayer OTC drugs - Correct Answer do not require a health care provider's order; more easily obtained, no appt.needed; patient's may treat themselves; cheaper; may have interactions Therapeutic classification - Correct Answer drug class; ex. anti-seizure (anti epileptics) Chemical composition - Correct Answer drug class; ex. benzodiazepine Physiologic classification - Correct Answer drug class; ex. CNS depressant Pharmacokinetics - Correct Answer what the body does to a drug Absorption - Correct Answer primary pharmacokinetic factor; how a drug gets into the body; occurs in
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Rate of absorption depends on: - Correct Answer age, physical condition of client, lipid or water solubility of drug, potential drug interactions with other drugs, form (tablet, etc.) Enteral - Correct Answer Oral; Gavage (tube); going through digestive system Parenteral - Correct Answer IV, IM, SubQ, Intradermal (less common); straight to blood stream Topical - Correct Answer Cream, suppositories, intranasal, eye drops, inhalants; going on membranes Oral absorption - Correct Answer slower; affected by stomach contents, pH levels, gastric motility Quickest absorbed orally - Correct Answer liquids or suspensions Less quickly absorbed orally - Correct Answer capsules, tablets Most slowly absorbed orally - Correct Answer enteric coated tablets, delayed release preparations Sublingual - Correct Answer drugs placed under the tongue to dissolve then action is mediated via. the circulatory system; rapidly absorbed ( >oral or IM, but < IV) ex. nitroglycerin tablets (helps with angina) Metabolism - Correct Answer the process of chemically converting a drug to a form that is usually more easily removed from the body; most drugs metabolized in the LIVER 1st pass effect - Correct Answer can occur when blood passes through liver circulation & some drugs are completely metabolized to be an inactive form before they can ever reach the general circulation; drugs administered through IV have 100% bioavailability (it all gets absorbed right there in circulation) Distribution - Correct Answer involves the transport of drugs throughout the body; protein binding; simplest factor determining is the amt of blood blow to body tissues; related to circulatory system and cardiac output 2 / 3
BBB - Correct Answer blood brain barrier; drugs have harder time crossing; generally only smaller molecules can Elimination - Correct Answer drugs removed from the body; primary site is the KIDNEYS Half-life - Correct Answer the amount of time it takes the serum level to drop by 1/2 after time of absorption.Peak effect - Correct Answer full therapeutic benefit Trough effect - Correct Answer lowest level between doses of drug Protein binding - Correct Answer key concept of distribution; drug molecules need to get form the blood plasma into the cell.How would a sunburn affect absorption - Correct Answer skin layer is thinner & more inflamed, will absorb really fast How would hepatitis affect metabolism - Correct Answer hepatitis hardens the liver & makes the tissue not as circulatory and makes metabolism not as effective.How would anemia affect distribution - Correct Answer worsens distribution; not a lot of blood to collect & let drug get to where it needs to go; drug stays in body longer, more toxic Pharmacokinetic properties - Correct Answer Route of administration Onset of action Duration of action Half-life Peak concentration level
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