BCIA NFB Cert Exam Study Guide Questions with Complete Solutions Why is neurofeedback used? - Correct Answer To change the electrical activity of the CNS including EEG, event related potentials, slow cortical potentials, and other electrical activity either of subcortical or cortical region Neurofeedback is: - Correct Answer A specialized application of biofeedback of brain wave data in an operant conditioning paradigm. It is used to treat clinical conditions as well as to enhance performance.Electroencephalogram (EEG) - Correct Answer Represents the general state of the CNS: all behavior filters through the central nervous system.Biofeedback therapy: - Correct Answer Any physiologic mechanism that can be 'fed back' to an individual's awareness that can be controlled Neurofeedback therapy - Correct Answer Allows the subject to gain control over the brain's processing function (reflected by the EEG) and of the primary mechanics of their own psychophysiology.The purpose of neurofeedback is to bring rapid electrical and chemical changes to a person's brain in order to: - Correct Answer 1. Disrupt pathologic stability by altering the type of electrochemical pattern that developed either suddenly or during shock or trauma, or gradually over a longer period of time, under prolonged stress.
- Allow patients to release defenses, recognize and use new information (psychotherapy, counseling,
education) with greater ease by diminishing interference from problematic brain-chemistry patterns.Neurofeedback is socio-behavioral interaction. Important factors include: - Correct Answer -Attitudes -Motivation -Expectations -Attention -Alertness -Understanding 1 / 3
Delta rhythm (0.5-3.5 hz) - Correct Answer Sleep, traumatic brain injury Theta rhythm (4-7 hz) - Correct Answer Day dreaming, drowsiness imagery, inattention Alpha rhythm (8-13 hz) - Correct Answer Meditation, receptiveness Sensorimotor rhythm (SMR) (12-15 hz) - Correct Answer Inhibition of movement Low beta rhythm (13-21 hz) - Correct Answer Activation, focused thinking High beta rhythm (20-32 hz) - Correct Answer Anxiety, hypervigilance, panic, peak performance, worry Gamma rhythm (36-44) - Correct Answer Active attention, pattern recognition, visual binding The synchronous delta rhythm: - Correct Answer Ranges from 1-4 hz, is the dominant frequency from ages 1-2, and is associated in adults with deep sleep and brain pathology like TBI and tumors, and learning disability The synchronous theta rhythm: - Correct Answer Ranges from 4-7 hz, is the dominant frequency in healthy young children, and is associated with drowsiness or starting to sleep, REM sleep, hypnagogic imagery (intense imagery experienced before the onset of sleep) hypnosis, attention, and processing of cognitive and perceptual information The synchronous alpha rhythm: - Correct Answer Ranges from 8-12 hz and is defined by its waveform and not by its frequency.Alpha blocking (phenomenon): - Correct Answer Alpha activity can be observed in about 75% of awake, relaxed individuals and is replaced by low-amplitude desynchronized beta activity during movement, complex problem-solving, and visual focusing.The synchronous SMR: - Correct Answer Ranges from 12-15 hz and is located over the sensorimotor cortex (central sulcus). 2 / 3
The sensorimotor rhythm is associated with: - Correct Answer The inhibition of movement and reduced muscle tone The beta rhythm consists of: - Correct Answer Asynchronous waves and can be divided into low beta and high beta ranges (13-21 hz and 20-32 hz)
Low beta is associated with: - Correct Answer Activation and focused thinking
High beta is associated with: - Correct Answer Anxiety, hypervigilance, panic, peak performance, and worry Gamma - Correct Answer -EEG activity from 36-44 hz.-Changes when the subject learns to perceive meaningful patterns, like a dalmatian concealed by a black and white background, and when experienced Buddhist monks meditate.-Associated with visual bonding Underarousal - Correct Answer -When the brain wave pattern has mountain peaks (or deregulation) in the lower frequencies (e.g., delta or theta 0-7 cycles/second) -The brain has gone into a "shut down" mode, and we should not see this in the waking brainwave pattern--usually seen in the sleeping brain.-This can happen after the person has experienced a trauma (mental, emotional, or physical) -Compared to the flight and fight response. Once the person has fought the battle, the brain now prepares for rest.-Sometimes the brain does not return to a regulated brainwave state and the brain "locks," into this state. The person feels: tired, exhausted, and may have some pain, memory problems, amongst other symptoms
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