BCPS Exam – Questions & Complete Correct Answers Unpaired T-test ✔️Ans - Continuous data
- independent samples
- paired samples
- independent samples
- paired samples
- independent samples
- independent samples
- paired samples
Paired T-test ✔️Ans - Continuous data
ANOVA ✔️Ans - Continuous outcome data Categorical exposure data 3+ independent variables ANCOVA ✔️Ans - Continuous outcome data Categorical exposure data 3+ independent variables Controls for covariates Wilcoxon Rank Sum Test (Mann-Whitney U Test) ✔️Ans - Ordinal data
Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test ✔️Ans - Ordinal data
Chi Squared Test ✔️Ans - Categorical data
Values >5 Fisher's Exact Test ✔️Ans - Categorical data
Values <5 McNemar Test ✔️Ans - Categorical data
Kruskal-Wallis Test ✔️Ans - Ordinal data 3+ independent samples Mantel-Haenszel Test ✔️Ans - Categorical data 1 / 4
Controls for confounders What decreases power? ✔️Ans - Low sample size Incorrect study design Incorrect statistical test Kendall Rank Correlation ✔️Ans - Ordinal variables Pearson Product Moment Correlation ✔️Ans - Normally distributed continuous variables Spearman Rank Order Correlation ✔️Ans - Ordinal or non-normally distributed continuous data Linear Regression ✔️Ans - One continuous independent (exposure) variable 2+ continuous dependent (outcome) variables Simple Logistic Regression ✔️Ans - 2+ categorical or continuous independent variables One categorical dependent variable Non-valvular AF ✔️Ans - AF in the absence of moderate or severe mitral stenosis, mitral valve repair, or mechanical heart valves CHADS2 vs CHADS2VASc ✔️Ans - CHADS2 = CHF, HTN, Age 75+, DM, stroke (2) CHADS2VASc = CHF, HTN, Age 75+ (2), DM, stroke (2), vascular disease, Age 65-74, female OAC indicated for score 2+ in men and 3+ in women When to cardiovert AF ✔️Ans - AF >48h, anticoagulate for at least 3 weeks before cardioversion and at least 4 weeks after cardioversion regardless of CHADS2VASc score May utilize a TEE to visualize the atria to skip the anticoagulation prior to cardioversion 2 / 4
HASBLED ✔️Ans - HTN (>160) Abnormal renal (SCr >2.26, dialysis) Abnormal liver (3x ULN) Stroke (hx) Bleed (hx or tendency) Labile INR Elder (>65) Antiplatelets/NSAIDs EtOH >8drink/wk ≥3 high risk
Warfarin ✔️Ans - MOA: Inhibits vitamin K epoxide reductase,
preventing production of clotting factors 2 (72h), 7 (6h), 9 (24h), 10 (36h) and inhibits activation of protein C and S S-warfarin is 5x more potent than R-warfarin Antibiotics reduce vitamin K synthesis by the intestinal flora Warfarin clearance affected by amiodarone, propafenone, cimetidine Enzyme inducers ✔️Ans - phenytoin phenobarbital carbamazepine rifampin St. John's Wort Enzyme inhibitors ✔️Ans - fluconazole azithromycin Bactrim Flagyl amiodarone Dabigatran for AF ✔️Ans - 150mg twice daily 75mg twice daily for CrCl 15-30 or CrCl 30-50 with ketoconazole or dronedarone 3 / 4
Avoid with CrCl <15, dialysis, rifampin, CrCl 15-30 with amiodarone, verapamil, ketoconazole, dronedarone, diltiazem, clarithromycin Bleeding, dyspepsia, cannot use pillbox
To warfarin: Overlap by 3 days (CrCl >50), 2 days (CrCl 31-50), or 1 day
(CrCl 15-30)
From warfarin: INR <2
Rivaroxaban for AF ✔️Ans - 20mg daily with meals 15mg daily with meals for CrCl 15-50 or dialysis Avoid with rifampin, phenytoin, carbamazepine, St. John's Wort, protease inhibitors, azoles, conivaptan
To warfarin: Bridge with parenteral anticoagulant
From warfarin: INR <3
Apixaban for AF ✔️Ans - 5mg twice daily 2.5mg twice daily for at least 2 of age 80+, weight <60, or SCr 1.5+ (or dialysis per package insert) Avoid with rifampin, phenytoin, carbamazepine, St. John's Wort, protease inhibitors, azoles, conivaptan
To warfarin: Bridge with parenteral anticoagulant
From warfarin: INR <2
Edoxaban for AF ✔️Ans - 60mg once daily 30mg once daily for CrCl 15-50, weight <60kg, verapamil, dronedarone, quinidine Avoid CrCl >95, CrCl <15, dialysis, rifampin
To warfarin: Bridge with parenteral anticoagulant or reduce edoxaban dose
by 50% until INR >2
- / 4