BHSC 1200 Midterm 1 Latest Update 2023-2024 100 Questions and Verified Correct Answers Guaranteed Success anterior/posterior - CORRECT ANSWER: anterior: nearer to or at the front of the body
posterior: nearer to or at the back of the body
chromatin chromosome chromatid
centromere - CORRECT ANSWER: chromatin = a long molecule of DNA coiled with
proteins and RNA
chromosome = small, threadlike structures in the nucleus that hold the genetic material; composed of DNA and proteins that form a delicate thread during interphase
chromatid = one of a pair of identical connected nucleoprotein strands that are joined at the centromere and separate during cell division, each becoming a chromosome of one of the two daughter cells
centromere = constricted portion of a chromosome where two chromatids are joined; serves as a point of attachment for microtubules that pull chromatids during anaphase
ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium - CORRECT ANSWER: -appears to have several layers because nuclei of cells are at various levels -secretes mucus to trap foreign bodies; cilia sweep away mucus for elimination from body -ex. airways of respiratory tract
ciliated simple columnar epithelium - CORRECT ANSWER: -single layer of ciliated
columnlike cells with Goblet cells interspersed -movement of mucus and foreign particles -ex. lines bronchioles, fallopian tubes, uterus
compare active and passive transport - CORRECT ANSWER: passive transport =
substance moves down its concentration gradient/electrical gradient to cross the membrane using only its own kinetic energy (energy of motion)
active transport = cellular energy is used to drive the substance against its own concentration gradient/electrical gradient
cytoskeleton - CORRECT ANSWER: -network of protein filaments that extend
throughout the cytosol -3 types of filaments: microfilaments, intermediate filaments, microtubules 1 / 2
define anatomy and physiology - CORRECT ANSWER: anatomy: science of body structures and the relationships among them
physiology: science of body function
define autophagy and autolysis - CORRECT ANSWER: autophagy-entire worn out
organelles are digested autolysis-lysosomal enzymes destroy the entire cell
define concentration gradient - CORRECT ANSWER: a difference in the concentration of a chemical from one place to another
define electrical gradient - CORRECT ANSWER: a difference in electrical charges
between two regions
define homeostasis - CORRECT ANSWER: -maintenance of relatively stable
conditions in the body's internal environment -maintains volume and composition of body fluids
define homeostatic feedback system - CORRECT ANSWER: cycle of events in which
the status of a body condition is monitored, evaluated, changed, remonitored, reevaluated, and so on
define membrane potential - CORRECT ANSWER: the electrical gradient between the
inner and outer parts of a cell; a difference in distribution of positively and negatively charged ions
define mitosis and cytokinesis - CORRECT ANSWER: mitosis = somatic cell division cytokinesis = cytoplasmic division
describe anatomical position - CORRECT ANSWER: -standing erect
-head level, eyes forward -lower limbs are parallel, feet flat on floor and toes facing forward -upper limbs are at the sides, palms facing forward
describe and provide an example of a negative feedback system - CORRECT ANSWER: -the response of the effector negates the stimulus; body is brought back into homeostasis; normal range is achieved; leads to stability
ex/ regulation of blood pressure:
stimulus disrupts homeostasis by increasing controlled condition (blood pressure).receptor (baroreceptors) send input (nerve impulse) to control centre (brain). Brain sends output (nerve impulse) to effector (heart and blood vessels) . A response (lower heart rate and dilate blood vessels) occurs which brings blood pressure back to normal range
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