BIO 171Microbiology Module 1 Exam what is microbiology (ANS- the study of microbes (microorganisms and viruses) and their biological processes
what is the smallest biological unit of life (ANS- cell
what is a macromolecule (ANS- a complex molecule that is composed from smaller subunits
what are the four main types of macromolecules (ANS- Proteins, nucleic acids, lipids and polysaccharides
what various functions do proteins have in the cell (ANS- -facilitate the movement of materials in or out of a cell
-act as enzymes that catalyze, or speed up, biochemical processes
-play a structural role
- enable movement
two major types of nucleic acids (ANS- DNA and RNA
what is the role of DNA (ANS- contains a vast amount of hereditary information and is responsible for the inheritable characteristics of living organisms
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what is the role of RNA (ANS- is responsible for deciphering the hereditary information in DNA and using it to synthesize proteins.
what are nucleic acids (ANS- chemical molecules that carry genetic information within the cell
what is the plasma membrane composed of (ANS- composed of lipids (hydrophobic hydrocarbons)
what is the function of the plasma membrane (ANS- a surrounding barrier that separates the inside of the cell from the outside surrounding environment
- restricts the movement of materials either in/out of the cell
what is influx (plasma membrane) (ANS- allowing a cells to absorb and keep what is needed
what is outflux (plasma membrane) (ANS- preventing the escape of essential nutrients
what are the three main components of polysaccharides (ANS- carbon, hydrogen, oxygen atoms
What is the primary difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?(ANS- eukaryotic cells have a nucleus prokaryotic cells do not have a nucleus
What are the main morphologies of bacteria?(ANS- coccus, bacillus , vibrio, spirillum
Describe bacteria coccus shape (ANS- (round/spherical) 2 / 3
describe bacteria bacillus shape (ANS- (rod)
describe bacteria vibrio shape (ANS- (curved rod)
describe bacteria spirillum shape (ANS- (spiral/corkscrew)
Which group (classification) of bacteria is noted for its ability to survive under harsh conditions?(ANS- archaea
What are the 4 main classifications of Eukarya?(ANS- Animalia, Plantae, Fungi or Protista
Can viruses be classified as either prokaryotic or eukaryotic?(ANS- no- not considered living + can only replicate within a host
The lipid bilayer of the plasma membrane is composed of what?(ANS- primarily of amphipathic phospholipids, meaning they contain a polar hydrophilic head group and a non-polar hydrophobic tail region.
What does hydrophobic mean?(ANS- Water fearing
what does hydrophilic mean?(ANS- water loving
describe structure of the lipid bilayer (heads and tails where and why) (ANS- the non-polar tail groups face inward thus orienting the polar head groups to interact with water both outside and inside of the cell
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