BIO 210 Portage Learning Genetics 210 Final Exam Study Guide Latest Update 2024 With 86 Questions and Verified Correct Answers Guaranteed A+
Alloploidy - CORRECT ANSWER: An organisms with two or more sets of chromosomes
originating from different species.
Alternative Splicing - CORRECT ANSWER: Different forms of mRNA from the same
pre-mRNA molecules
Allows for the creation of many more proteins than expected from our 20,000 protein- coding genes
Splicing activator and repressor proteins interact with snRNPs of the splicesome.
Alternative splicing, or differential splicing, is a regulated process during gene expression that results in a single gene coding for multiple proteins.
Aminoacyl tRNA synthetase - CORRECT ANSWER: uses energy from ATP to add an
amino acid onto tRNA, so it can then bind to mRNA and be transcribed
Anaphase - CORRECT ANSWER: Chromosomes are pulled apart, pulling two identical
daughter chromosomes to each end of the cell
Aneupoloidy - CORRECT ANSWER: Possessing an abnormal number of
chromosomes. EX: 45,47
Avery Experiment - CORRECT ANSWER: Determined what material contains genetic
material by extracting protein, DNA, and RNA from IIIS cells through heating.Conducted four experiments where all material was added to vials of IIR cells.
- All material added (protean, RNA, DNA). IIR and IIIS cells present because of
transformation of genetic material.
- Treated with protease, only DNA and RNA were active. IIR and IIIS cells were
present.
- Treated with ribonuclease, only DNA and protein were active. IIR and IIIS cells were
present.
- Treated with deoxyribonuclease. RNA and protein were active. ONLY IIR CELLS
WERE PRESENT.
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Conclusion, when DNA is not present, transformation does not occur. Tells us DNA passes on genetic information.
Bacterial DNA Replication Elongation - CORRECT ANSWER: Primase lays down RNA
primers that DNA Polymerase III can then synthesize DNA into two separate strands from (can only synthesize in a 5' to 3' direction
DNA ligase sticks these strands of DNA together
DNA Polymerase I removes RNA primers and replaces them with DNA, completing a whole new strands of DNA
Bacterial DNA Replication Initiation - CORRECT ANSWER: One origin of Replication
Two DNA replication forks
One site of replication termination
Replication initiation at oriC
DnaA proteins bind to DnaA box sequences and to each other, bending the DNA.
This causes the DNA to wrap around the DnaA proteins and separate the A/T rich region that comes slightly before the DnaA box sequences on the DNA strand.
DNA helicase can then come and bind to the origin (DnaC protein assists this).
DNA helicase separates the DNA in both directions, creating two replication forks.
See slide 10 on powerpoint 2-15
Bacterial DNA Replication Termination - CORRECT ANSWER: Tus protein binds to the Ter sequences T1 and T2, stopping progression of the replication fork when Helicase hits the Tus protein
Bombay Phenotype - CORRECT ANSWER: Individuals that possess two hh alleles for
the H gene. This means they do not produce the H carbohydrate that allows for A and B antigens. This makes them produce O type blood as the hh gene masks the gene that would determine blood type. This is an example of epistasis.
CAP cAMP - CORRECT ANSWER: If no glucose is present, a lot of CAP is present.
cAMP molecule bonds to cap. This can then bind to the operator region. When this happens, the promoter region is bent to allow polymerase to bind. When it binds, it can transcribe ?glucose? probably
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