Bio 220 Exam 1- Wallace Community College
Roles of cell membrane in bacterial cells - ANSWER-site for energy reactions, nutrient processing and synthesis, passage of nutrients into the cell and discharge of wastes, selectively permeable
bacterial chromosomes - ANSWER-single circular strand of DNA
bacterial plasmids - ANSWER-used to create recombinant DNA; a tiny ring of DNA carried in the cytoplasm of bacteria (extra DNA)
bacterial ribosomes - ANSWER-70s
Resistance and Significance of Endospores - ANSWER-resistant to cleaning and boiling (pressurized steam 121 degrees C, 15 psi pressure (20-30 min) will destroy), Hardiest of all life forms very long-term survival
Describe the functional structure and position of bacterial flagella. - ANSWER-Rotates 360 degrees and functions in motility of cell
Fimbrae - ANSWER-Structural adaptation; spikes that allow bacteria to stick to the environment
Pili - ANSWER-Appendages that allow bacteria to attach to each other and to transfer DNA; found ONLY in gram-negative cells
What best describes the action of prokaryotic flagellum? - ANSWER-it rotates to move the cell
Microorganisms - ANSWER-bacteria, fungi, viruses, Protozoa, Helminths, and Algae
What does NOT describe a fungus? - ANSWER-is photosynthetic
Levels of Classification - ANSWER-Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species
Describe the fundamental characteristics of cells. - ANSWER-Reproduction, heredity and DNA, Growth and Development, Metabolism and Enzymes, Transport, and Responsiveness
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Define glycocalyx and describe its different forms and functions. - ANSWER-coating of molecules external to cell wall made of sugars and/or proteins; slime layer (loose) or capsule (tight); Protects cell, inhibits killing by white blood cells called phagocytosis, and attachment (forms biofilms)
Structure and function of cell walls - ANSWER-cell shape, prevents lysis due to changing osmotic pressures
Role of peptidoglycan? - ANSWER-alternating chemicals (NAG and NAM), one giant molecule to surround and support cell
Gram-positive cell - ANSWER-Thick peptidoglycan
Teichoic acid, lipoteichoic acid
One membrane; 2 layers and stains purple
Gram-negative cell - ANSWER-Thin peptidoglycan
Lipopolysaccharide
Two membranes
Porins; 3 layers and stains pink
periplasmic space - ANSWER-The space between the inner and outer cell membranes in Gram-negative bactera. The peptidoglycan cell wall is found in the periplasmic space, and this space sometimes contains enzymes to degrade antibiotics.
Shapes of bacteria - ANSWER-coccus (round), bacillus (rod), spirillum (comma)
Domain Archaea - ANSWER-Any of various single-celled prokaryotes genetically distinct from bacteria, often thriving in extreme environmental conditions
Domain Bacteria - ANSWER-phylum Proteobacteria- gram (-) phylum Firmicutes- mainly gram (+) w/ low G and C content phylum Actinobacteria- gram (+) w/ high G and C content
Appendages of Eukaryotic Cells - ANSWER-flagella (thicker), cilia (shorter and numerous, motility, feeding, and filtering)
Glycocalyx of Eukaryotic Cells - ANSWER-outermost boundary, polysaccharides, slime or capsule, adherence, protection, signal reception
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