Bio 3421 Exam 2 TXST-Davenport Questions with

Bio 3421 Exam 2 (TXST)-Davenport Questions with Complete Solutions Endocrine system - Correct Answer The body's "slow" chemical communication system; a set of glands that secrete hormones into the bloodstream Nervous system - Correct Answer The body's speedy, electrochemical communication network, consisting of all the nerve cells of the PNS and CNS Peptides - Correct Answer o Chain of amino acids

• Majority of hormones fall into this category
• Hydrophilic

Amine - Correct Answer o Made of tyrosine (amino acid)

• Further classified as catecholamine and thyroid hormones

Steroids - Correct Answer o Lipids- derived from cholesterol Negative feedback & metabolism - Correct Answer Estrogen, testosterone

• Minor differences in the chemical structure of a molecule can lead to big differences in the

biological response b/c of the difference in the receptor that the molecule will bind to -Solubility determines how a hormone is synthesized, stored, secreted transported in the blood, and how it effects the target cell Estrogen - Correct Answer Female sex hormone Testosterone - Correct Answer Male sex hormone Dinural rhythm - Correct Answer Peak around midnight, decline during the day (cortisol) Circadian rhythm - Correct Answer 1 cycle every 24 hrs Infradian rhythm - Correct Answer Cycles last longer than 24 hrs (periods) 1 / 2

Ultradian rhythm - Correct Answer Cycles lasting less the 24 hrs (prolactin governing sleep) Hormone secretion - Correct Answer Controlled by negative feedback to maintain plasma concentration levels Up & down regulation - Correct Answer Too much or too little of hormone can be accounted for; acclimatizes a cell to drugs Up regulation - Correct Answer Receptors thirsty for hormone, so up regulate the receptor to increase the likelihood that the hormone will bind: increase the number of receptors on the target cell increases the likelihood of binding Down regulation - Correct Answer • Cell signaling that there's too much of the hormone in the area causes this to happen • Decreases the amount of binding • Target cell pulls receptors into the cell, creates less receptors for the cell to bind Endocrine disrupting signals - Correct Answer • Man made pollutants that build up in the environment that interfere with hormones • Disrupt endocrine functions Hypothalamus and posterior pituitary - Correct Answer Area of the brain with connections to the main endocrine gland, only one hormone excrete by each cell Vasopressin - Correct Answer Decrease diameter of blood vessels (if target arterioles throughout body) Retain water (if target nephrons in kidneys) Oxytocin - Correct Answer A hormone released by the posterior pituitary that stimulates uterine contractions during childbirth and milk ejection during breastfeeding Hypothalamus and anterior pituitary - Correct Answer • Anterior lobe derived from epithelial tissue (therefore it's a gland)

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